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| | =Tecumseh 3 H.P, 4-Stroke Lawn Mower Engine: Model Number TNT100= | | =Tecumseh 3 H.P, 4-Stroke Lawn Mower Engine: Model Number TNT100= |
| | | | |
| − | [http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki-data/index.php?title=Group_7_-_Lawn_Mower_Engine_-_Request_For_Proposal Request for Proposal]
| + | ==Introduction== |
| | + | A Tecumseh 3 H.P, 4-Stroke Lawn Mower Engine was dissected by Group 7, consisting of: |
| | + | *Christopher Germain- Lead C.A.D. Designer and Modeling Representative |
| | + | *Colton Steiner- Communications Diplomat and Project Adviser |
| | + | *Gregory Muench- Technical Expert and Dissection Executive |
| | + | *Julia Perot- Editor in Chief |
| | | | |
| − | [http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/Group_7_-_Lawn_Mower_Engine_-_Preliminary_Design_Review Preliminary Design Review]
| + | ==Executive Summary== |
| | + | Group 7 dissected a small four-stroke Tecumseh lawnmower engine. Operation of the engine begins with the pull start, which turns the flywheel. When it is spinning, the magnetic plate in the flywheel generates current through the electromagnet, which passes to the spark plug. This creates an arc across the spark plug’s gap, igniting the compressed fuel/air mixture inside the engine. The explosion moves the piston, which rotates the crankshaft. A gear on the crankshaft engages with the camshaft, which turns the mower blades. |
| | | | |
| − | [http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/Group_7_-_Lawn_Mower_Engine_-_Coordination_Review Coordination Review] | + | The group received the engine broken and was not able to fix it, though it is in better condition than when we started. Initially, there were portions of the throttle assembly and a key shoved in to the engine instead of being assembled in their correct places ([http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/Image:Lose_parts.JPG see Fig 1.9b]). There were quite a few cracks and broken pieces, including on the flywheel head and the cylinder head. The starter did not engage. Although it has been reassembled better than it was received, the engine will never be able to run because it has too many broken pieces. |
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| − | [http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/Group_7_-_Lawn_Mower_Engine_-_Critical_Design_Review Critical Design Review] | + | This engine has quite a few components with varying degrees of complexity (see [http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/Group_7_-_Lawn_Mower_Engine_-_Coordination_Review#Component_Summary Component Summary]). A detailed model of the piston can be seen in the [http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/Group_7_-_Lawn_Mower_Engine_-_Coordination_Review#Solid_Modeled_Assembly Solid Modeled Assembly] section of the [http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/Group_7_-_Lawn_Mower_Engine_-_Coordination_Review Coordination Review]. |
| | | | |
| | == Request for Proposal == | | == Request for Proposal == |
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| | ===Page Contents=== | | ===Page Contents=== |
| | *Initial Product Assessment | | *Initial Product Assessment |
| − |
| |
| | *Management Proposal | | *Management Proposal |
| − |
| |
| | *Work Proposal | | *Work Proposal |
| − |
| |
| | *Evaluation | | *Evaluation |
| − |
| |
| | *Dissection Tools | | *Dissection Tools |
| | | | |
| | ==Preliminary Design Review== | | ==Preliminary Design Review== |
| | [http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/Group_7_-_Lawn_Mower_Engine_-_Preliminary_Design_Review Preliminary Design Review] | | [http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/Group_7_-_Lawn_Mower_Engine_-_Preliminary_Design_Review Preliminary Design Review] |
| − | === Product Disassembly === | + | ===Page Contents=== |
| − | The dissection procedure has been planned to be a multifaceted procedure that requires many steps and sub-steps. Due to the complexity of certain components, the group has decided to dismantle the engine by components first and then to dissect each individual component. Provided that the engine has been drained of all fluids and removed from the mower itself, the steps of dissection are as follows (Note that the Dissection Plan Sub-Sections of major assemblies, such as the piston, starter, and carburetor, are to be completed after the engine is fully dismantled).
| + | *Product Disassembly |
| − | [[Image:Engine_Cover_Disassemble.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Disassemble Gas Tank from Engine]]
| + | *Causes for Corrective Action |
| − | <i>The following procedure is rated on a difficulty level of 1-5. 1 being very simple, usually completed by hand. Levels become progressively more difficult through 5. A degree of difficulty of 5 would be constituted by rigorous effort, take a long time, and require many tools and attempts to complete. <b>Note:</b> this scale reflects the degree of difficulty for this particular dissection. Although many steps are normally more difficult, the poor initial condition of the engine restricted and altered the resulting scale.</i>
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image:Carborator_From_Gastank.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Disassembling Carburetor from Gas tank]]
| + | ==Product Analysis/Coordination Review== |
| − | * <b>Remove the Gas Tank.</b> This requires removal of two 8mm Hex Head Screws. This also requires that the oil dipstick be removed (by hand) to allow clearance of the tank over the fill spout. Using a pair of needle-nose pliers, remove the clamp holding the fuel line to the gas tank. The handle of the starter assembly will also need to be removed using a pair of needle-nose pliers to untie the knot in the Pull Cord to fully separate the gas tank from the engine block.<i>(Degree of difficulty:3)</i>
| + | |
| − | * <b>Remove Engine Shroud.</b> This step requires removal of 2, 8mm Hex Head Screws, with lock washers, and 2, #2 Phillips head screws.<i>(Degree of difficulty:2)</i>
| + | |
| − | **To remove the oil fill spout from the shroud, remove two 8mm Hex Head screws.<i>(Degree of difficulty:2)</i>
| + | |
| − | * <b>Remove the Carburetor Assembly and connected Manifold.</b> Removing the manifold and carburetor requires removal of two approximately 7mm Hex Head screws that fit a #1 Phillips head screwdriver.<i>(Degree of difficulty:2)</i>
| + | |
| − | **<i><b>Notes</b> [[Image:carb.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Carburetor Assembly]]
| + | |
| − | ***Because it is difficult to reach the screws with a socket or wrench, use a screwdriver to remove.
| + | |
| − | ***When manifold is separated from the engine block, a composite gasket seals the two surfaces together. Due to age and wear, the gasket is broken and would most likely need to be replaced for proper function of the engine in the future.
| + | |
| − | *** To separate the manifold from the carburetor assembly, remove two additional screws of the same size.
| + | |
| − | *** When assembly was removed, a wire, likely for throttle shut off from a release mechanism on the handle of the mower, was seen to be improperly attached to to the engine block under the flywheel. It went unnoticed that it was not in the proper place.</i>
| + | |
| − | **<b><i>Remove Float Bowl.</i></b> Requires the removal of approximately 1/4" nut.<i>(Degree of difficulty:1)</i>
| + | |
| − | ***<i>Upon removal, this wil expose the float assembly.</i>
| + | |
| − | *** <b><i> Remove Float Pin, and Spring Clip </i></b> Do so with needle-nose pliers.<i>(Degree of difficulty:1)</i>
| + | |
| − | ****This will complete the float dissaembly which includes, the pin, spring, float, seat and clip, inlet, and needle.
| + | |
| − | **<b><i> Remove Shutter</i></b> Do so with a #0 Phillips Head Screwdriver.<i>(Degree of difficulty:1)</i>
| + | |
| − | **<b><i>Remove Primer Bulb.</i></b> Do so using a small regular head screwdriver to pry bulb from edges.<i>(Degree of difficulty:1)</i>
| + | |
| − | **<b><i> Remove Throttle Assembly</i></b> Do so by hand now that shutter is removed.<i>(This will remove the entire throttle assembly, which also completes throttle disassembly)Degree of difficulty:1)</i>[[Image:SL730983.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Starter Assembly]]
| + | |
| − | **<b><i> Remove Fuel Fitting</i></b> Do so by hand.<i>(Degree of difficulty:1)</i>
| + | |
| − | ***This completes the Carburetor disassembly
| + | |
| − | **<b><i>Remove Throttle mount</i></b> Normally this would be the place to remove the throttle levers but they were not properly assembled. To remove mount, remove an 8mm bolt from engine block.<i>(Degree of difficulty:2)</i>
| + | |
| − | * <b><i>Remove Starter Assembly.</i></b> To do so, Remove 2 #0 Phillips Head Screws to remove the housing cover. <i> This will reveal the Hub Screw and the Tension Spring.</i> <b> Carefully </b> use needle-nose pliers to remove tension spring to avoid injury. Once tension spring is removed, remove hub screw with 8mm socket.<i>(Degree of difficulty:2)</i>
| + | |
| − | *Once the assembly is removed from the engine block, remove three 10mm bolts to <b><i>remove the mounting plate.</i></b><i>(Degree of difficulty:2)</i>
| + | |
| − | *<b><i>Remove gear and gear clip.</i></b> Do so by removing both by hand.<i>(Degree of difficulty:1)</i>
| + | |
| − | *Removing a 4th 10 mm bolt will seperate a very small bracket of unknown use from the mount.
| + | |
| − | **<i><b>Notes</b>[[Image:Starter_Assembly.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Starter Assembly]]
| + | |
| − | ***The tension spring was left in the housing case to avoid injury. It was removed at the conclusion of dissection to avoid injury.
| + | |
| − | ***The hub screw is a left handed screw.
| + | |
| − | ***Once the hub screw was removed, the housing cover was replaced to prevent any accidental release of the tension spring.
| + | |
| − | ***The plastic flip lever of the mount is riveted in place and is not intended to be removed.
| + | |
| − | ***To remove the tension spring, place palm of hand fully over spring and grip mount firmly. Use needle nose pliers to lift spring from mount and into palm of hand. Lift hand away from mount and slowly release pressure to uncoil spring in a cotrolled manner.(Degree of difficulty:4.5)
| + | |
| − | ***Once the tension spring was finally removed, it was noted that the spring was mount installed properly during a past reassembly and prevented the starter assembly from engaging upon pulling of cord.
| + | |
| − | ***(This completes the removal of the starter assembly which includes the cover, tension spring, hub screw, pulley, starter rope, gear, mounting brackets, washer, snap screw, clip, and spring hub. <b>*note the handle has already been removed in Step 1.)</b></i>
| + | |
| − | *[[Image:SL730986.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Cylinder Head]]<b><i>Remove Cylinder Head. </i></b> Do so by removing the spark plug wire from the spark plug, by hand. Remove the spark plug with a Spark plug socket (A deep, 21mm socket) Finally, remove 8 13mm bolt from the head and remove the cover, careful not to damage the gasket.<i>(Degree of difficulty:3)</i>
| + | |
| − | ** To avoid any possibility of damaging or warping the cylinder head, Tecumseh recommends the bolts be removed in a precise order, shown in the following diagram-----. <i>Due to the fact that the engine has been dissected at least once, removing the bolts in order is not an issue as they were night replaced to the proper torque as suggested by Tecumseh.</i>
| + | |
| − | * <b> Remove Gear Pulley and Blade Mount</b> Do so by by removing the mount by hand. To remove the pulley and spacer, use needle-nose pliers to remove pin/key from shaft and slide parts off.<i>(Degree of difficulty:4)</i>
| + | |
| − | *<b> <i> Remove Crank Case Cover</i> </b> Do so by removing 6 10mm bolts.<i>(Degree of difficulty:2)</i>
| + | |
| − | **<i><b>Notes</b>
| + | |
| − | ***The Crank Case Cover is designed to slide off of the Cam Shaft with a slight pull by hand. However, it seemed aparent that the shaft was damaged and had a gouge in it which resulted in the cover catching in the gouge. It took rigorous but careful hammering and prying with a screwdriver to remover the cover.
| + | |
| − | ***Upon removal of the cover, the governor assembly and crank shaft are removed with it. Both can be removed from the cover by hand.</i>
| + | |
| − | **<b><i>Governor Disassembly</i></b>
| + | |
| − | ***<b><i>Remove the upper retaining ring.</i></b> Do so using a precision regular head screwdriver or a small pair of needle-nose pliers.<i>(Degree of difficulty:3)</i>
| + | |
| − | ****<i>Note that you must do so slowly and carefully so as not to fully remove the ring as it will shoot off. Remove ring part way with whichever tool chosen and fully remove by hand.</i>
| + | |
| − | ***<b><i>Remove spool by hand.</i></b><i>(Degree of difficulty:1)</i>
| + | |
| − | ***<b><i>Remove lower retaining ring.</i></b> Do so using the same procedure used to remove upper ring.<i>(Degree of difficulty:3)</i>
| + | |
| − | ***<b><i>Remove gear assembly.</i></b> This is done by hand.<i>(Degree of difficulty:1)</i>
| + | |
| − | ****<i>Note that the gear assembly is manufactured permenantly assembled. The spacers, gear and pins can not be seperated without breaking the assembly.</i>
| + | |
| − | [[Image:Camshaft-Crankshaft.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Crank Case, Crank Shaft, and Camshaft]]
| + | |
| − | **<b><i>Camshaft Dissassembly</i></b>
| + | |
| − | ***The camshaft is designed to be diassembled by hand. The shaft itself can be lifted out of the crank case cover by hand and the two remaining components, the balance shaft and the balance sleeve, on the shaft, are removed by hand as well.
| + | |
| − | *<b> <i>Remove Top Flywheel and Gear.</i></b> Start by removing 11/16" Nut. <i>(You must Prevent flywheel from spinning to achieve this.)</i> Continue by inserting any larger sized Flat head screwdriver between engine and bottom of flywheel and prying upwards while using a hammer to knock shaft out of the flywheel. <i> This step can also be preformed by using a flywheel puller</i> <b><i>* This is the most difficult step in the procedure.</i></b><i>(Degree of difficulty:5)</i>
| + | |
| − | **<i><b>Notes</b>
| + | |
| − | ***Due to poor reassembly by a previous group, the combination a loose parts and an improperly assembled crank shaft, the flywheel spun 1/4 turn before locking up and no other tools were necessary to hold the flywheel from spinning during removal. The error in assembly of the crank shaft was the fact that a key holding components in place on the shaft was not inserted corectleyand was catching on the engine block.
| + | |
| − | ***Upon hammering off the flywheel, a wayward hit damaged the threads of the crank shaft and will need to be re-died during reassembly.
| + | |
| − | ***Once the flywheel was removed a nut and washer mounting an electrical wire on the now exposed electroagnet were found to be jammed in the flywheel as well as a spring and two connecting rods about 1 1/2 inches in length were seen to be jammed as well. These pieces are part of the throttle mount and can be shown in the diagram here.</i>[[Image:crabmount.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Carburetor Mounted on Engine]]
| + | |
| − | *<b><i>Remove electomagnet assembly.</i></b> Do so by removing two 11mm Bolts from on top of the engine block. An electrical wire is held in place by a clip mounted on the engine block. The clip and hose are both removed by hand.<i>(Degree of difficulty:2)</i>
| + | |
| − | **<i>Upon removal of the electromagnet, a washer is revealed as well as the hole in the engine block which have sustained damage from the improperly placed key.</i>
| + | |
| − | *<b><i>Remove Connecting rod.</i></b> Do so by removing 2 6.5mm nuts where the rod meets the srankshaft.<i>(Degree of difficulty:1)</i>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | *<b><i>Remove Key and spacer.</i></b> Do so normally using a pair of needle-nose pliers to remove key and sliding spacer off by hand. <i> In this particular case, the key has een twisted by torque of the shaft trying to rotate and is removed by prying it out with a small regular head screwdrviver and a hammer. (Degree of difficulty:4.5)</i>
| + | |
| − | **<i>Once removed,slide shaft out of bottom of engine block.
| + | |
| − | **Also, pull piston assembly out cylinder through the bottom of the engine block-This step is normally very simple but due to again more issues regarding improper reassembly in the past was very difficult. The piston rings were stretched to a larger diameter than allowabe for proper function of the motor and did not slide easily through he cylinder. Also, the piston head itself was dented in two places distorting its shape and creating a significant amount of drag on the cylinder walls.(Degree of difficulty:4.5)</i>
| + | |
| − | [[Image:Cylinder-Assembly.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Cylinder Assembly]]
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | *Once the pison assembly is removed, <b>remove the 3 piston rings.</b> Do so using a ring puller or a screwdriver and pliers.
| + | |
| − | **<i> In this particular instance, the rings have been stretched so much that the first 2 can be removed by hand.
| + | |
| − | **The third ring was clearly stretched too far in previous dissection and upon removal in this dissection it broke.
| + | |
| − | **Upon removal of the third ring, an inner ring is seen under on the piston which is removed by prying up with a small regular screwdriver.</i><i>(Total degree of difficulty:3)</i>
| + | |
| − | **<i><b>Remove retaining pins.</b></i> Using needle-nose pliers, remove the two retaining pins in the piston head.<i>(Degree of difficulty:1)</i>
| + | |
| − | **<b><i>Remove Connecting(Grudgen or Wrist) pin.</i></b> Do so by using a small regular screwdriver and a hammer to lightly tap out the pin.<i>(Degree of difficulty:3)</i>
| + | |
| − | ***<i>Once the pin is removed, the head seperates from the connecting rod concluding piston assembly dissection.</i>
| + | |
| − | *<b><i>Remove air filter assembly</i></b>
| + | |
| − | **<b><i>Remove hose.</i></b> Do so by unclipping from engine block by hand.<i>(Degree of difficulty:1)</i>
| + | |
| − | **<b><i>Remove filter mount.</i></b> Do so by removing two 8mm bolts from engine block.<i>(Degree of difficulty:1)</i>
| + | |
| − | ***<i>Note the hose and filter mount are manufactured permanently together.</i>
| + | |
| − | **<b><i>Seperate remaining components.</i></b> Do so by lifting off the filter mount and removing the filter from the filter bowl by hand. Remove the filter bowl by turning 1/4 turn and lifting out.<i>(Degree of difficulty:1)</i>
| + | |
| − | *<b><i>Remove Valve lifters.</i></b> Do so by hand.<i>(Degree of difficulty:1)</i>
| + | |
| − | *<b><i>Remove Valve assembly.</i></b>
| + | |
| − | **<b><i>Remove Valve assembly cover</i></b> Do so my removing two 8mm bolts from cover and lifting off cover and exposed gasket.<i>(Degree of difficulty:2)</i>
| + | |
| − | **<b><i>Remove Valves and valve springs.</i></b> Using a small regular screwdriver, compress each spring so lift valves and remove tension from retaining plates. Using a second screwdrive, use it to strategically turn retaining plate until it falls off. Slowly release tension from springs and remove upper and lower retaining plates, spring, and valve by hand.<i>(Degree of difficulty:4)</i>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | <i><b> This completes Dissection. </b></i>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | <b>DIAGRAMS COPYRIGHT OF TECUMSEH INC. 1998.</b>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | === Causes for Corrective Action ===
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | Up to this point, this project has been quite successful in terms of the work and management plans. The group has been meeting regularly on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 3:30 until about five, which has worked well for the most part. A few members have missed meetings here and there due to conflicting obligations, but this has not impeded the progress of the dissection. Commuters have made it to meetings without needing to make any special scheduling requirements. The group has established a means of communicating with each other, making the team well coordinated, and progress has been steady. The meeting times have been more than adequate because the only extra time the group has needed to meet outside of the designated time was the first Monday when we picked up the lawnmower engine. This does not include individual time preparing documents and posting them to the Wiki.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | Finding a copy of the owner’s manual greatly helped the group predict the steps to the dissection procedure and allowed the team to be able to anticipate their difficulty. Therefore, the dissection process was planned accordingly. Also, Gregg’s experience with taking apart lawn mower engines at home has helped him quite a bit to lead the group in making decisions on how to approach the dissection.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | The issues that have been found so far have been relatively minor and readily circumvented as the project progressed. It would have been nice to have received an engine that actually worked. There were several pieces that were soon found to be broken, which inhibited the functionality of the motor (see Request for Proposal). It was certainly a challenge to determine where all of the loose pieces left in the flywheel went. Also, as our meetings are typically in a dorm lounge, it is sometimes difficult to make progress due to a slow internet connection and time taken to keep the area cleaner than your average garage.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | There are currently no unresolved team-related challenges in terms of management and work schedule. Looking ahead, however, it seems that putting the engine back together properly will be a daunting task, especially considering its broken pieces. It has been established that this engine will not be able to run no matter how much work is put into it. Even our own disection has taken a toll on the product. For instance, the piston rings were slightly bent when removed, and are unlikely to seal properly now. Another challenge for the future will be to determine which CAD modeling system we will be using. It may be whatever the program is available in Bell Hall, or else a program that is most familiar to the group. Chris, the lead CAD manager, would enjoy using CA TIA V5R18 if it was feasible, although he personally is more familiar with Solid Edge version 18. A likely possibility is AutoCAD.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ==Product Analysis== | + | |
| | [http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/Group_7_-_Lawn_Mower_Engine_-_Coordination_Review Coordination Review] | | [http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/Group_7_-_Lawn_Mower_Engine_-_Coordination_Review Coordination Review] |
| − | ===Causes For Corrective Action=== | + | ===Page Contents=== |
| − | During this phase of the group project, we have encountered some of the most serious and challenging issues to date. Firstly, due to an increase in club meetings, work, exams, and outside the classroom projects in other classes, several group meetings have been cancelled and others shortened. This problem was overlooked as an increase in e-mail, texting, and other methods of communication were implemented to help alleviate some of the missed meeting time. The second major issue that arose was the loss of group member Dharan Shah. Due to a family emergency, Dharan, who had already been struggling to meet during group time due to his strenuous family job, resigned the course on November 13, 2009, leaving his portion of this gate to even be started. A quick meeting the following Monday determined that each group member would attempt to complete one of the four major sections of the gate, meaning some work would be difficult to divide evenly due to the fact that the engine parts could not be with multiple group members at once over the break. Modeling lead, Christopher Germain was to take over the 3-D modeling process but due to continually increasing difficulties with the Inventor program on his computer, and finally a total loss of work over Thanksgiving break during the Windows 7 upgrade, the group has struggled to find a solution to the problem.
| + | *Causes For Corrective Action |
| | + | *Component Summary |
| | + | *Design Revisions |
| | + | *Solid Modeled Assembly |
| | + | *Engineering Analysis |
| | | | |
| − | ===Component Summary=== | + | ==Critical Design Review== |
| − | | + | [http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/Group_7_-_Lawn_Mower_Engine_-_Critical_Design_Review Critical Design Review] |
| − | Different Materials were used in the production of different components for several reasons. For the majority of the components, the materials used were chosen based on physical properties. In areas that are subject to high heat, rapid movement, or extensive use, the materials used are usually Iron and steel, sometimes hardened. The connecting rod experiences high heat, but is composed of cast aluminum which may not be as resilient to heat as steel or iron, but cast aluminum is still the best choice because of the incredibly rapid motion and light weight. Other reasons for choosing certain materials are strength, ease of manufacturing, cost, and availability of materials.
| + | ===Page Contents=== |
| − | | + | *Reassembly Procedure |
| − | In the case of the gas tank, plastic is the most appropriate material. If steel had been used, the gas tank would have a high probability of rusting, and also the large amount of steel needed would prolong the manufacturing process and increase cost while decreasing output on the assembly line. The gas tank is not a complex component, but as far as the injection molding goes, the shapes are too complex to use steel for. Injection molding steel to fit these shapes would also decrease assembly line output and increase cost.
| + | *Product Status |
| − | | + | |
| − | The bolts on the gas tank experience shear. This is due to the movement of the liquid inside the tank when the engine is actually in use.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | The general material choices of components have some effect on manufacturing processes. For example, injection molding, which is used for the gas take, is possible with steel, but would be exceptionally difficult if done with any other material than plastic. The melting point of steel is quite high so the mold itself would have to have an even higher melting point to withstand the heat applied to the mold. This would also drive up costs and inhibit manufacturing.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | All components are functional, not cosmetic, as engine does not usually show when installed in lawnmower.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | {| border="1" align="center"
| + | |
| − | ! width="50"|Part #
| + | |
| − | ! width="75"|Component Name
| + | |
| − | ! width="75"|Quantity
| + | |
| − | ! width="75"|Material(s)
| + | |
| − | ! width="75"|Manufacturing Process
| + | |
| − | ! width="150"| Function
| + | |
| − | ! width="200"|Image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b> Gas Tank</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Plastic
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Several pieces are Injection Molded and fused together with heat.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Acts as a reservoir for the fuel that the motor will consume during operation.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| [[Image:Gas_tank.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Gas tank and gas cap]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 2
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Gas Cap</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Aluminum
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Rolled, Stamped
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Covers the fill hole on the gas tank to keep any fuel from spilling.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| [[Image:Gas_tank.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Gas tank and gas cap]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 3
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Engine Shroud</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Sheet metal Forming
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Protects users from rotating fan blades and other hazardous parts, also for cosmetic looks.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|[[Image:Engine_Shroud.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Engine Shroud]]
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 4
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Dip Stick</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Aluminum, Plastic
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Injection Molded and Rolled Sheet Metal.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Used to measure the amount of oil in the system and keep oil from leaking.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|[[Image:Fill_spout,_dipstick.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Oil fill spout and dipstick]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 5
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Fill Spout</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Plastic
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Injection Molding
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Provides a channel for the oil to be poured into the system.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|[[Image:Fill_spout,_dipstick.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Oil fill spout and dipstick]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 6
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Carburetor Assembly</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|13 Pieces, each found only once per engine.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Various
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Various
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Controls the flow of fuel and air into the combustion chamber for ideal engine performance.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|[[Image:Carbuerator.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Carburetor assembly]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 6a
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Carburetor Housing</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Iron
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Die Cast Iron
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Individual components of the carburetor are mounted on this, which is in turn mounted to the engine block
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 6b
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Float Bowl</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Stamped Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Where the fuel is held before being mixed
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above Image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 6c
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Drain Screw</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Turned on a Lathe then Died
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Holds the float bowl on the carburetor assembly and also drains the float bowl if needed.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 6d
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Float</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Plastic
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Injection Molded, fused with heat
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Monitors how much fuel is in the float bowl
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 6e
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>O-Ring</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Rubber
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Extruded Rubber
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Seals the joint between the float bowl and carburetor housing
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 6f
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Float Pin, Needle and Spring Clip</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1 each
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel is rolled into stands and cut for all 3, the spring is then heated and bent, while the needle is stamped.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Holds Float in place and spring forces the float to hold in the right position in the fuel.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 6g
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Primer Bulb</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Rubber
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Extruded Rubber
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Using suction of air, forces additional fuel and air into the carburetor to aid in starting the engine
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 6h
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Throttle Lever, Washer, Shutter, Shutter screw</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1 each
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|The lever is a combination of a cut steel rod welded to a punched head, the shutter is a stamped plate, the washer is also a stamped, and the screw is turned on a lathe and died.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Opens and closes to control air and fuel flow into the carburetor
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 7
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Manifold and Throttle Mount Assembly</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Various
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Various
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Various
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Provides a channel for the exhaust of the engine to be directed out and provides a place for the throttle controls to be held in place on the engine block
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|[[Image:Manifold_and_throttle_mount.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Manifold and Throttle Mount]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 7a
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Manifold</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Iron
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Die Casting
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Provides a channel for the exhaust of the engine to be directed out
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 7b
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Manifold Gasket</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Composite
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Composite is rolled into sheets and the gasket is stamped out.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Seals the manifold to the engine block
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 7c
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Throttle Mount Brackets</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1 each, 2 total
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Rolled steel is stamped and formed
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Holds the throttle controls onto the engine block
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 7d
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Nuts, Bolts, Screw</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|2 Nuts, 2 Bolts, 1 Screw
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Hardened Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|The bolts and screw are Extruded and then died while the bolts are extruded and tapped
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Hold the manifold and throttle mounts at various points
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 8
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Starter Assembly</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Various
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Various
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Various
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|The pull cord gives the engine the initial spin and power required to start it while the rest of the assembly holds and contains the pull cord
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| [[Image:Starter_assembly.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Starter Assembly]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 8a
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Starter Mounts</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1 each, 2 total
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Stamped Steel and machined holes.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Holds the Starter Assembly onto the engine block
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 8b
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Starter Handle</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Plastic
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Injection Molding then drilled
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Provides a comfortable grip on the pull cord to start the engine
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 8c
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Starter Pulley</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Plastic
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Injection Molded
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Keeps the pull cord in a neat and unknotted manner
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 8d
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Gear and gear clip</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1 each
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Plastic, Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|The gear is injection molded and the clip is formed from cut, rolled steel.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Engages the starter to the Crank Shaft
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 8e
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Pull Cord</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Nylon
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Machine wound strands
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Operator pulls the cord to spin the starter and engage the gear to start the engine
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 8f
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Washers</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|2
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Aluminum
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Stamped
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Space the components of the assembly to reduce rub and wear
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 8g
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Housing Cover</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Cast, then machined
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Covers the tension spring in the Starter Assembly
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 8h
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Screws</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|2
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Extruded then Died
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Holds the cover in place
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 8i
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Tension Spring</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|A cut steel sheet is heated and wound into the coil.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Sends the starter assembly back to its initial position to allow for repeated use.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| [[Image:Tensionspring.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Tension Spring]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 9
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Cylinder Head</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Iron
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Die Cast then machined, drilled
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Covers the piston assembly in the engine block
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| [[Image:Clylinder_Head.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Cylinder Head]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 9a
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Bolts</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|8
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Hardened Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Extruded Steel is died
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Mounts Cylinder Head onto Engine Block
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 9b
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Gasket</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Aluminum
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Stamped, drilled
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Seals the Cylinder head to the engine block
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| [[Image:Reverse_of_Cylinder_Head.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Reverse of cylinder head with gasket]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 10
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Blade Mount, Pulley, Key </b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1 each
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Cast steel, machined, the key is cut from solid stock
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Drives the mower blade and holds the mount and on the base of the crank shaft
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| [[Image:Shaft.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Blade mount, gear pulley and shaft]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 11
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Crank Case Cover </b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Iron
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Die Cast, machined
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Conceals internal components of the engine block
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| [[Image:Crank_case_cover.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Crank Case cover]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 12
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Governor Assembly </b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Various
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Various
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Various
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Monitors the speed of the engine.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| [[Image:Crank_case_with_camshaft_and_governor.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Reverse of crank case cover with camshaft and governor assemblies]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 12a
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Gear</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Plastic, aluminum
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Injection Molding, machine assembled with rivets holding counter weights in place
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Monitors the speed of the engine.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 12b
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Mount, washers, clips </b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1 mount, 2 washers, 2 clips
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Machined, Turned on Lathe, stamped
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Holds the governor gear
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 13
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Camshaft </b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Iron and Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Die cast Shaft is then Assembled with a steel wound spring and a steel stamped mount
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Opens and closes the valves at the proper time in conjunction with the speed of the motor
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| [[Image:Camshaft_assembly.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Camshaft assembly]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 13a
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Balance Shaft and Sleeve </b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1 each
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel and Plastic
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Injection Molded sleeve, The Shaft is turned from solid stock
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Balances Camshaft while governor and camshaft are engaged
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 14
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Flywheel </b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Iron
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Die-Cast and machined to specifications
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Generates current in electromagnet to spark the spark plug, air also hits fins to keep engine cool
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| [[Image:Flywheel.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Flywheel]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 15
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Electromagnet and wire </b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1 each
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Various, Steel Aluminum, Plastic, Iron, Rubber, Copper
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|The magnet is factory assembled and cannot be dismantled without breaking the component, the wire is copper strands woven together with a rubber jacket over them.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Generates current in to spark the spark plug
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| [[Image:Electro_Magnet.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Electromagnet]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 16
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Piston Assembly </b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Various
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Various
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Various
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Powered by combustion, it forces the crankshaft to rotate and spin the blade
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|[[Image:Piston_Assembly.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Piston assembly]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 16a
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Piston Head </b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Aluminum Alloy
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Cast and machined
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Powered by combustion, it forces the crankshaft to rotate and spin the blade
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 16b
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Compression Rings </b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|2
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Punched
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Seal the combustion chamber and supports heat transfer from the piston to the cylinder wall
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 16c
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Oil Rings</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|2
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Punched and machined, cut steel from a sheet
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Seal the combustion chamber and supports heat transfer from the piston to the cylinder wall
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 16d
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Wrist Pin and clips </b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1 pin, 2 clips
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Pin is machined from solid stock, Clip is shaped and heated to hold form.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Holds Piston head to Connecting Rod
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 16e
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Connecting Rod </b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Aluminum
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Cast Aluminum
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Connects Piston to Crank Shaft
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 16f
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Connecting Rod cap, bolts </b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1 cap, 2 bolts
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Aluminum cap, hardened steel bolts.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Cast Aluminum, Extruded steel is turned and died.
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Connects Piston to Crank Shaft
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 17
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Crank Shaft </b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Iron
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Die-Cast Iron is machined, turned, and brought to specifications
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Drives the engine
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|[[Image:Crankshaft_assembly.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Crankshaft assembly]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 18
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Air Filter Assembly </b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1 each
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Various
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Various
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Keeps dirt and contaminate out of engine and combustion system
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|[[Image:Air_filter.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Air filter assembly]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 18a
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Air Filter Cover</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Plastic and Rubber
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Injection Molded Plastic is brought together with extruded rubber
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Keeps dirt and contaminate out of engine and combustion system
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 18b
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Air hose</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"| Plastic and aluminum
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Injection Molded Plastic is brought together with stamped aluminum cover
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Keeps dirt and contaminate out of engine and combustion system
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 18c
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Air Filter</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Composite
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Composite is shredded and cut to shape
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Keeps dirt and contaminate out of engine and combustion system
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 19
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Valve Cover</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|1
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Punched steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Allows access to the valve springs
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|[[Image:Valve_assembly.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Valve assembly]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 20
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Valve Assembly</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|2 each
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Various
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Controls compression and combustion of the engine
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|[[Image:Removed_valve.JPG|150px|thumb|left|1 valve assembly, note there are 2 in the engine]]
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 20a
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Valve and Lifter</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|2 each
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Extruded steel is machined, turned and welded
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Controls compression and combustion of the engine
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image for valve, lower image for lifters
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 20b
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Valve Spring</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|2
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Rolled Steel is cut and heat wound into desired form
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Forces Valves to move up and down
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 20c
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Valve Spring clips</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|2 top, 2 bottom
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Stamped Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Holds springs in place
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|See above image
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | ! 21
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|<b>Various Other Parts</b>
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|7 bolts, 2 keys, 4 screws
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Steel
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Extruded steel is then turned and died, the key is cut from solid stock
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|Hold various components in place
| + | |
| − | | align="center"|[[Image:Lifters,_keys,_various_bolts.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Various components: valve lifters, nuts, bolts, and keys]]
| + | |
| − | |}
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ===Design Revisions===
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | 1. In general, a lawn mower of this size is used as a push mower, and as such it is preferred if the weight of the engine is minimized while maintaining the structural stability needed to provide enough power to cut the grass at a substantial speed. Cost must also be considered, because generally the lighter the metal the more expensive it is to manufacture; in part due to its demand, as well as complexity of the material. However, upon analyzing some of the components it can be noted that some design changes should be able to be made without too much of an increase in product cost:
| + | |
| − | * <b>Engine Shroud</b> – currently steel, could be made lighter by using aluminum because it is primarily a protective covering and strength is not much of a consideration | + | |
| − | * <b>Pulleys</b> – (those for the belt from the engine to the blades) could also be made of aluminum instead of steel, as the primary component of force is from the tension in the belt which acts towards the axis of the pulley. This compression on the pulley should not act much differently on aluminum than steel | + | |
| − | * <b>Gear Shaft</b> – perhaps this could also be made of aluminum instead of steel, but it is suggested that much testing be implemented before this change is put into effect.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | 2. The <b>Fly Wheel Head</b> showed significant wear in that a major crack formed about where the shaft is bolted on. This implies that this component should actually be made of a heavier or more durable material than what it currently is. Another possible improvement would be to thicken the metal in the area where the cracking occurred to decrease the likelihood of this happening during prolonged use.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | 3. The <b>Cylinder Head</b> also showed some broken fins on its exterior. This could be due to the fact that it was dropped or not well maintained, but it could mean that the fins should be thickened slightly to increase their durability. On the other hand, this section seems to be designed to dissipate heat quickly, and it could be that the metal used was poorly chosen, and becomes brittle at high temperatures. If this is the case research should be done to find a durable metal that behaves more favorably to heating.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | 4. Another option would be to increase the size of the <b>Piston Head</b>, as this would allow for potentially more power to be generated by the engine. This is not necessarily recommended because this smaller-sized engine does not really need that much power, and the efficiency of the engine would likely decrease with having to move a heavier piston.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | 5. Using only one type of <b>bolt</b> or <b>screw</b> would decrease the production costs and make working on the engine that much easier and more efficient. Some components were even attached using different types of screws, and that just doesn’t make sense. Not only would there be fewer screws to make but also the holes bored for them would also all be the same dimensions. The only possible constraint would be if there was a significant amount of force present in one area or the other.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | Another direction that the design revisions could make is moving towards modern materials. Carbon fiber is generally very strong and durable, but it is also much more expensive to manufacture. Another question is how well the carbon fiber stands up to high temperatures for extended periods of time. One safe use of carbon fiber could again be the engine shroud, or maybe even the gas tank, if price was not an issue. New composites being developed every day are also potential alternatives, such as this aluminum composite that is potentially stronger and cheaper than carbon fiber, and is apparently immune to metal fatigue!
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | "Revolutionary Aluminum composite:"
| + | |
| − | http://www.tgdaily.com/trendwatch-features/34052-revolutionary-aluminum-composite-stronger-and-lighter-than-carbon-fiber
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ===Solid Modeled Assembly===
| + | |
| − | [[Image:connectingrodg7.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Connecting Rod]]
| + | |
| − | [[Image:connectingrodcapg7.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Connecting Rod Cap]]
| + | |
| − | [[Image:screwg7.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Screw]]
| + | |
| − | [[Image:pistonheadg7.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Piston Head]]
| + | |
| − | [[Image:wrist_ping7.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Wrist Pin]]
| + | |
| − | [[Image:ringg7.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Piston Ring]]
| + | |
| − | [[Image:pistong7.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Piston Assembly]]
| + | |
| − | [[Image:explodedg7.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Exploded View]]
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ===Engineering Analysis===
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | A key component for a lawn mower engine is the spark plug, as this provides the spark that ignites the fuel-air mixture above the piston head which allows for combustion to occur. An important aspect in the design of a spark plug is the minimum voltage required to create an electric arc across the gap of the spark plug. The designer must consider how a spark plug works, and then how much voltage is lost in the process of transferring energy from the wire to where the spark occurs. Therefore a problem statement set forth for engineering analysis might be “what is the voltage needed to ignite a spark plug of these specifications?”
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | The next step would be to enumerate the assumptions made for the system, as well as take measurements of the desired dimensions. For instance, the internal resistance of the wiring may be taken to be negligible. One major simplification of this problem would be to consider the system as a basic transformer, where the current generated initially by the pull start and later by the perpetuation of the engine transfers a given voltage to the spark plug, which must be large enough to cause an electrical arc in the engine. A diagram of the system would help to show the similarities as well as illustrate the differences between a spark plug and a simple transformer. If dimensions such as the length and diameter of the wiring being used are known, these can be used in the calculation of the minimum voltage required. Otherwise educated assumptions can be made for these dimensions, in order to determine if the resulting answer is reasonable. Other variables can be researched, such as the resistivity of the material being used as the wire, the gauge of the wire, or the number of turns used for each coil of the transformer. Another important measurement would be the diameter of the coil itself, in order to determine the approximate length of the wire in each part of the system.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | Because this spark plug analysis has been simplified to a simple transformer, the governing equations are also rather simple to evaluate, with the most elaborate analysis involving a dynamic system which would require a first order differential equation to be modeled properly. Other than this, fundamental algebraic equations should be able to be used for this system. These include voltage equals current times resistance (V=I*R) and the definition of resistance in terms of its physical dimensions and resistivity (R=ρ*L/A). With these equations, one can compare the predicted input voltage to a potential output voltage. This output voltage needs to be large enough to allow for the electrons to ‘jump’ from one side of the gap to the other. This voltage of course is determined by the metal involved and the size of the gap to be crossed.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | After a probable output voltage has been established, it must be determined if this solution is reasonable. For instance, can the necessary input voltage be supplied from the original pull-start of the engine? This may in fact prompt another analysis question – as to the magnitude of the voltage that is capable to be supplied to the spark plug. These two solutions should validate each other if the assumptions that have been made are correct. Finally, discussion would be made as to whether this answer as well as the primary assumptions and equations used are reasonable and hence could be used as a reference point for the manufacturing of this spark plug. If the solutions found do not make sense, but the assumptions seem to be correct, it could be that the design of the plug needs to be reevaluated, in that the gap is too wide or the number of coils is too few, etcetera. This process would be continued until an acceptable version of the spark plug is developed.
| + | |
A Tecumseh 3 H.P, 4-Stroke Lawn Mower Engine was dissected by Group 7, consisting of:
Group 7 dissected a small four-stroke Tecumseh lawnmower engine. Operation of the engine begins with the pull start, which turns the flywheel. When it is spinning, the magnetic plate in the flywheel generates current through the electromagnet, which passes to the spark plug. This creates an arc across the spark plug’s gap, igniting the compressed fuel/air mixture inside the engine. The explosion moves the piston, which rotates the crankshaft. A gear on the crankshaft engages with the camshaft, which turns the mower blades.
The group received the engine broken and was not able to fix it, though it is in better condition than when we started. Initially, there were portions of the throttle assembly and a key shoved in to the engine instead of being assembled in their correct places (see Fig 1.9b). There were quite a few cracks and broken pieces, including on the flywheel head and the cylinder head. The starter did not engage. Although it has been reassembled better than it was received, the engine will never be able to run because it has too many broken pieces.
