Group 34 - GM V-6 Engine

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Revision as of 23:23, 29 November 2009

GROUP MEMBERS

Parth S. Kalia

Keith Billianti

Chris Moyer

Tae Joon Park

Keith K Selvasakaran Bernard

GATE 1

Management Proposal and Organizational Schematic

Upon meeting each other, our team was able to come up with a mutually agreed upon scheme of work. Firstly, tasks rather than pre-assigned roles were the priority and they were assigned to members of the team such that (almost) no one person was in charge of a single task and the workload was distributed as evenly as possible. This way, almost all the tasks could be double checked by at least one other individual in the group. This was done to prevent the occurrence of mistakes and to ensure that no relevant details were left out from our final wiki page.

The titles were assigned after the tasks themselves and might not be entirely representative of the tasks themselves:

Project Manager: Parth A Kalia

Keeping track of dates & deadlines: Maintaining a working timetable of dates for specific tasks as relevant to the various stages of the project.

Point of contact: Acting as a point of contact with Prof. Devendorf and Group 18 Team Leader Meredith Canty. (preferred emailing address: parthkalia@hotmail.com)

Organization of tasks and data: Assigning tasks to other members depending on available data to ensure completion of tasks by the due date.

Making Drafts for data to be submitted on Wiki: Writing up reports for wiki page. These will be checked by the Technical Experts for errors in specific facts and data and our Organization and Communications Manager to ensure that all the required data is present.

Technical Experts: Keith M Billanti and Chris A Moyer

Assembling/disassembling the product: The most important task of the technical experts is to perform the assembly and disassembly of the product and gather a keen understanding of it so as to provide relevant data and facts to the Project Manager for the draft reports.

CAD Modeling: Keith Billanti has volunteered for the task of making CAD models of various components in the product for the third stage of the Project.

Proof-reading and correcting Draft Reports: Checking for errors in facts and data on reports before passing on to Wikipedia Administrator.

Organization and Communications Manager: Tae Joon Park

Organization: Analyze planning process and clarifying required content for due projects, in the process, monitoring for errors in organization and planning.

Communication: Maintaining online Message Board for all group communications and posting reminders for upcoming gates.

Wikipedia Administrator: Keith K Selvasakaran Bernard

Wiki Manager: To ensure the timely upload of all the required information and media before deadlines and to ensure that all parts of the Wiki are active and working. Also to decide layout and format of Wiki to ensure simplicity.

Media Manager: Editing photos and videos taken during dissection for upload on Wiki page.

Dissection Plan

Given several factors, we decided that it would be most effective to start the dissection process as soon as possible and will have our first session the following Wednesday. Given the size and complexity of the product, we plan on completing the dissection in two parts over two weeks in the two lab hours on Wednesdays. This gives us two extra lab hours to complete the dissection in order to make up in case of any delays leading up to the second gate.

Given that our Technical Experts have had prior experience with car engines and a strong knowledge of tools and hardware, they were able to write up an accurate list of tools required for the disassembly. They are as follows:

Socket Wrench Set with Sockets, Deep Sockets and Wrench Extensions.

Allen Keys.

Pulley Puller.

Spring Compressor.

The Product: Initial Product Assessment

Uses: The product that was given to our group for reverse engineering was a V6 Car Engine. The intended use of this model specifically is to drive cars although other types of internal combustion engines can be used for many other applications in industry and other vehicles. The product can be used for either home or professional use and its function is to convert the chemical energy from the fuel to mechanical energy that is used to drive the car.

Method of operation: The product works by igniting fuel and pressurized gas inside a chamber which then causes the combustible substances to push against the moving parts of the engine. Specifically, the fuel injectors allow a mixture of air and gasoline to enter the cylinder. The piston inside the cylinder then compresses the mixture which is then ignited by the spark plug causing the piston to shoot back out. The pistons move the camshaft which in turn drives the car. The energies used are purely chemical (i.e. contained in the air and gasoline) and are then converted into Heat and Mechanical Energy. While the intent is only to produce Mechanical Energy, Heat is a by-product of the inherent inefficiency. As explained above the operation of the engine allows it to convert Chemical Energy to Mechanical Energy and Heat (which is discharged through the exhaust and the surroundings of the engine itself). The product itself is not currently functioning, thus making it difficult to assess any of its problems.

Components: The model is a GM V6 engine with several components. These are:

Camshaft

Crank

A timing chain

2 Heads/ Valve covers

6 Rods

6 Pistons

12 Lifters

12 Rocker Arms

12 Pushrods

12 Valve Springs

Upper and Lower Air intakes

Oil Pump and Oil Pan

Throttle Body

Complexity: Looking at each of these individual parts, they are not in themselves complex, but on a whole, the engine can be said to be around a 5 on a scale of 10. The reason for this is that we have defined complexity as a whole on the basis of moving parts and the number of components. In order to judge complexity, we only compared it to other car engines and not to other larger engines used for other applications. For a better idea, the engine on a Lamborghini (which has 4 overhead cams, 12 cylinders and 4 valves per cylinder) would be placed at 10, whereas a carbureted 4-cylinder configuration (without multi-port fuel injection) would be placed at a 1.

Materials Analysis: The Materials used in the product are primarily Cast Iron, Cast Aluminum and Stainless Steel. Other materials include rubber for the timing chain and plastic for the covers on the Valve and Cylinder heads. Given our group’s prior knowledge on car engines, we estimate that there are no other significant materials in the engine.

End User Satisfaction: When comparing the product to other equivalents V6 motors of the mid 1990’s, the Vortec outclassed other engine models due to its high fuel efficiency and its sizeable 3.8L power. Thus, we can say that end users would be quite happy with the product as a whole. Given that it is in itself a component of a car and being used indirectly by the end user, we cannot comment on its ergonomics and its ease-of-use. The regular maintenance that the end user performs would be to change the oil every 3000 miles. This does not reflect the maintenance required on a car however, just the engine itself. Anything beyond the said oil change would require professional knowledge from a certified technician.

Alternatives to the product: When trying to find other alternatives to the product, we cannot limit the criteria to the engine alone as such information would not be useful. Factors such as cost would depend on specific cases depending on any modifications to the engine itself. Therefore, we can try and compare the alternatives from a user’s point of view i.e. by comparing the cars that incorporated the Vortec 4300 and comparing them to other models in the same power class of these cars.

Various models (Chevy Astro Van, GMC Safari, GMC Jimmy, Chevy Blazer, Oldsmobile Bravada, etc) used the Vortec 4300. All of these vehicles were in the price range of $22,000 and $25,000. The alternatives were:

The Ford Explorer: $22,000

The Toyota 4runner: $25,000

The Mitsubishi Montero:$26,000

The Jeep Cherokee:$23,000

And the Nissan Pathfinder:$30,000

As mentioned earlier, the Vortec 4300 outclasses these models in terms of fuel efficiency and power so it was also in comparison value for money to the end user. However, despite having a track record of very few reliability issues the Nissan Pathfinder has even less Reliability issues

GATE 2

Causes for corrective action

Overall, all of our goals were accomplished in good time. Individually, all of our members were able to contribute constructively and in a timely manner. Since the dissection required coordination with the other team (Group 34), we agreed on a Wednesday meeting time and was able to complete the dissection by the 26th. Problems arose as several members were ill but we were able to keep in contact and complete the dissection. Regrettably, we were not present for the last dissection session that took place on Monday. Due to my being ill, I was unable to reply in time to Meredith Canty’s request for assistance with the tools and the Monday. In any event, my teammates would have been unable to assist with the final session on Monday. As a result, no one on the team was able to attend the Monday session but the steps have been included in our report nonetheless.

Difficulty Key to Disassembly Process

Difficulty of the described step is expressed on a scale of 5 and can be expressed as:

Level 1

Requires small and/or simple tools (e.g. Screwdriver, Socket Wrench).
Requires minimal use of force.
Removed parts are small with few fasteners (e.g. Bolts).
Requires no more than one person to complete.

Level 2

Requires small and/or simple tools.
Requires minimal use of force.
Removed parts are small or delicate usually with a numbers of fasteners.
Requires one person but also close attention.

Level 3

May require slightly larger tools (e.g. Hammer/Mallet).
May require use of light force.
Removed parts may be complex but large and need attention to prevent damage.
Significant number of fasteners that require attention.
May require 2 individuals working side by side.

Level 4

Requires use of larger and possibly specialized tools (e.g. Valve Spring Compressors).
Requires considerable use of force.
Parts removed are numerous and/or large and heavy making them difficult to move and store.
Requires 2 or 3 individuals working simultaneously.

Level 5

Requires largest and specialized tools that require the use of force (e.g. Pulley Puller).
Requires most use of force (possibly involving more than one individual).
Removed parts are very large, with numerous fasteners and/or delicate parts.
Removed parts are heavy and hard to move.
Requires 3 people working simultaneously to complete the task or tasks.

Part Number	Part Name	Quantity	Material	Manufacturing Process	Function	Picture
1	Throttle Body	1	Cast Aluminum	Cast	Controls the amount of air that flows into the engine	File:Untitled2.jpg 100px
2	Intake Manifold Cover	1	Composite Plastic	Injection Molding	Protects the intake manifold from any foreign substances
3	Spark Plug Coil Pack	1	Iron & Aluminum	Cast	Determines when and which spark plugs spark
4	Central Fuel Injector	1	Plastic Body Nylon Hoses Aluminum Regulator	injection mold injection mold cast	6 injectors in one body, each with valves that open to allow the pre-pressurized fuel to flow into the proper intake ports. This type of fuel injection is called Central Point Sequential Injection
5	Distributor rotor	1	Plastic Top Cast Iron Shaft	Injection Molded Top Cast Shaft	Rotates synchronously with the camshaft, and sends information to the coil pack so it can fire each individual spark plug as the distributor rotates
6	Upper Radiator Hose Connector	1	Iron	Cast & Machining	Transfer the coolant from the radiator to the engine
7	Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve (EGR)	1	Iron & Aluminum	Cast	Regulates the recirculation of the engines exhaust back to the intake
8	Intake Manifold	1	Cast Aluminum	Cast	Evenly distributes air to intake ports in the cylinder heads. Contains passageways for fuel delivery to intake ports.
8A	Thermostat	1	Iron	Cast	Regulates temperature of coolant. Opens when hot to allow coolant to flow to radiator.
9	Crank Shaft Pulley / Harmonic Balancer	1	Iron	Cast	Takes rotational energy from the crankshaft to drive a serpentine belt to power other car accessories (Alternator, etc) Also dampens torsional vibration
10	Water Pump Pulley	1	Iron	Cast	With a rubber belt attached, transfers power from crankshaft to the water pump
11	Water Pump	1	Iron & Brass	Cast & Machining	Circulates coolant throughout the engine and the rest of the cooling system
11A	Water Pump Back Plate Cover	1	Steel	Stamped	Prevents coolant from leaking out of pump
12	Engine Mounts (Left and Right)	1 each side	Iron	Cast	For mounting the engine in the vehicle's engine bay and absorb vibration
13	Oil Cooler Adapter	1	Aluminum	Cast	Connection for an external oil filter
14	Oil Pickup Tube and Filter	1	Aluminum	Cast	Filters and allows oil to flow from bottom of oil pan to oil pump
15	Oil Pump	1	Steel	Cast	Circulates oil throughout the engine
16	Oil Pressure Sending Unit	1	Iron Plastic	Cast Injection Molding	Sends information to oil pressure gauge or low oil pressure light
17	Rocker Arms and Push Rods	6 each side	Composite	Process	Push rods transfer rotational mechanical energy from camshaft to rocker arms Rocker arms push down valves to open them
18	Cylinder Head Cover/ Valve Cover(left and right)	1 each side	Composite Plastic	Injection Molded	Prevents oil from exiting the engine and debris from entering. Contains breathers for air from blow-by to escape. One of the breathers routes to the positive crankcase ventilation valve for recirculation into the intake. One of the covers also contains the oil filler neck.
19	Engine Hanger	1	Iron	Cast	Provision for removing engine from the vehicle's engine bay.
20	Connecting Rod Caps	6	Iron	Cast	Connect the connecting rod to the crankshaft via the crankpin journals. Journal bearings are inserted for smooth operation.
21	Crankshaft Caps / Main Caps	3	Iron	Cast	Hold the crankshaft to the block via the main journals. Journal bearings are inserted for smooth operation.
22	Rear Main Cap	1	Iron	Cast	Mounting of the oil pump
23	Drive Plate / Flywheel	1	Iron	Cast	Storage of rotational energy
24	Oil Pan	1	Aluminum	Cast	Storage of oil to be circulated
25	Piston	6	Iron	Cast	Transfers the force created by the combustion reaction to piston rod then to the crankshaft
25A	Connecting Rod	6	Iron	Cast	Connects the piston to the crankshaft, transfers forces
25B	Compression Ring	12 total, 2 per piston	Aluminum	Cast	Create a pressure seal between the piston and cylinder walls so adequate compression can be produced
25C	Oil Ring	6 total, 1 per piston	Aluminum	Cast	Prevents oil from entering the combustion chamber
26	Engine Block	1	Cast Iron	Cast	Houses the pistons and other working parts
27	Crankshaft	1	Iron	Cast	Takes the linear energy created by the pistons and translates it into rotational energy
28	Camshaft	1	Iron	Cast	The lobes on the camshaft press tappets which raise the pushrods against the rocker arms to open the valves
29	Balance Shaft	1	Iron	Cast	Has weights which cause a vibration to cancel out that caused by the 90 degree cylinder banks.
30	Timing Chain	1	Rubber	Injection Molding	Connects the the crankshaft, camshaft, and balance shaft so that they all spin at the correct speeds.
31	Timing Chain Cover	1	Composite Plastic	Injection Molded	Acts as a guard to keep debris away from the timing chain
32	Cylinder Heads	2	Iron	Cast	Each house rocker arms and valves for delivery of fuel and air into the combustion chambers. The top of each combustion chamber is provided by the cylinder head.
33	Headgaskets	2	MLS - Multiple Layer Steel or Copper	Cast	Create seals between the block and cylinder heads so necessary compression can exist and oil and coolant can flow in their respective passageways.

Group 34 - GM V-6 Engine

Revision as of 23:23, 29 November 2009

Contents

GROUP MEMBERS

GATE 1

Management Proposal and Organizational Schematic

Dissection Plan

The Product: Initial Product Assessment

GATE 2

Causes for corrective action

Difficulty Key to Disassembly Process

Views

Personal tools

Navigation

Search

Toolbox

@@ Line 195: / Line 195: @@
 :*	Removed parts are heavy and hard to move.
 :*	Requires 3 people working simultaneously to complete the task or tasks.
+{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" border="1"
+|-
+! Part Number !! Part Name !! Quantity !!  Material !! Manufacturing Process !! Function !! Picture !!
+|-
+|align="center"| 1
+|align="center"|Throttle Body
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Cast Aluminum
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Controls the amount of air that flows into the engine
+||[[Image:untitled2.jpg|center|thumb|100px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 2
+|align="center"|Intake Manifold Cover
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Composite Plastic
+|align="center"|Injection Molding
+|align="center"|Protects the intake manifold from any foreign substances
+||[[Image:intake_manifold_cover.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 3
+|align="center"|Spark Plug Coil Pack
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Iron & Aluminum
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Determines when and which spark plugs spark
+||[[Image:unknown_1.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 4
+|align="center"|Central Fuel Injector
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Plastic Body<br>Nylon Hoses<br>Aluminum Regulator
+|align="center"|injection mold<br>injection mold<br>cast
+|align="center"|6 injectors in one body, each with valves<br>that open to allow the pre-pressurized fuel to flow<br>into the proper intake ports.<br>This type of fuel injection is called Central Point Sequential Injection
+||[[Image:unkown_2.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 5
+|align="center"|Distributor rotor
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Plastic Top<br>Cast Iron Shaft
+|align="center"|Injection Molded Top<br>Cast Shaft
+|align="center"|Rotates synchronously with the camshaft,<br>and sends information to the coil pack so<br>it can fire each individual spark plug as the distributor rotates
+||[[Image:distributor_rotor.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 6
+|align="center"|Upper Radiator Hose Connector
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Iron
+|align="center"|Cast & Machining
+|align="center"|Transfer the coolant from the radiator to the engine
+||[[Image:upper_radiator_hose_connector.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 7
+|align="center"|Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve<br>(EGR)
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Iron & Aluminum
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Regulates the recirculation of the engines exhaust back to the intake
+||[[Image:oxygen_sensor.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 8
+|align="center"|Intake Manifold
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Cast Aluminum
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Evenly distributes air to intake ports in the cylinder heads.<br>Contains passageways for fuel delivery to intake ports.
+||[[Image:intake_manifold.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 8A
+|align="center"|Thermostat
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Iron
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Regulates temperature of coolant.<br>Opens when hot to allow coolant to flow to radiator.
+||[[Image:thermostat.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 9
+|align="center"|Crank Shaft Pulley / Harmonic Balancer
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Iron
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Takes rotational energy from the crankshaft to drive a serpentine belt to power other car accessories (Alternator, etc)<br>Also dampens torsional vibration
+||[[Image:crankshaft_pulley.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 10
+|align="center"|Water Pump Pulley
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Iron
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|With a rubber belt attached, transfers power from crankshaft to the water pump
+||[[Image:waterpump_pulley.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 11
+|align="center"|Water Pump
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Iron & Brass
+|align="center"|Cast & Machining
+|align="center"|Circulates coolant throughout the engine and the rest of the cooling system
+||[[Image:waterpump_new.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 11A
+|align="center"|Water Pump Back Plate Cover
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Steel
+|align="center"|Stamped
+|align="center"|Prevents coolant from leaking out of pump
+||[[Image:waterpump1_backplate_cover.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 12
+|align="center"|Engine Mounts (Left and Right)
+|align="center"|1 each side
+|align="center"|Iron
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|For mounting the engine in the vehicle's engine bay and absorb vibration
+||[[Image:enginemounts_left_right.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 13
+|align="center"|Oil Cooler Adapter
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Aluminum
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Connection for an external oil filter
+||[[Image:oilcooler_adapter.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 14
+|align="center"|Oil Pickup Tube and Filter
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Aluminum
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Filters and allows oil to flow from bottom of oil pan to oil pump
+||[[Image:oilpickup.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 15
+|align="center"|Oil Pump
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Steel
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Circulates oil throughout the engine
+||[[Image:oilpump.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 16
+|align="center"|Oil Pressure Sending Unit
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Iron<br>Plastic
+|align="center"|Cast<br>Injection Molding
+|align="center"|Sends information to oil pressure gauge or low oil pressure light
+||[[Image:oilpressure_sending_unit.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 17
+|align="center"|Rocker Arms and Push Rods
+|align="center"|6 each side
+|align="center"|Composite
+|align="center"|Process
+|align="center"|Push rods transfer rotational mechanical energy from camshaft to rocker arms<br>Rocker arms push down valves to open them
+||[[Image:rocker_arms_swing_rods.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 18
+|align="center"|Cylinder Head Cover/<br>Valve Cover(left and right)
+|align="center"|1 each side
+|align="center"|Composite Plastic
+|align="center"|Injection Molded
+|align="center"|Prevents oil from exiting the engine and debris from entering.<br>Contains breathers for air from blow-by to escape. One of the breathers<br>routes to the positive crankcase ventilation valve for recirculation into the intake. One of the covers also<br>contains the oil filler neck.
+||
+|-
+|align="center"|19
+|align="center"|Engine Hanger
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Iron
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Provision for removing engine from the vehicle's engine bay.
+||[[Image:engine_mount_bracket.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 20
+|align="center"|Connecting Rod Caps
+|align="center"|6
+|align="center"|Iron
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Connect the connecting rod to the crankshaft via the crankpin journals.<br> Journal bearings are inserted for smooth operation.
+||[[Image:connecting_rod_caps.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"|21
+|align="center"|Crankshaft Caps / Main Caps
+|align="center"|3
+|align="center"|Iron
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Hold the crankshaft to the block via the main journals.<br> Journal bearings are inserted for smooth operation.
+||[[Image:crankshaft_caps.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 22
+|align="center"|Rear Main Cap
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Iron
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Mounting of the oil pump
+||[[Image:rear_main_cap.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 23
+|align="center"|Drive Plate / Flywheel
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Iron
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Storage of rotational energy
+||[[Image:Drive_plate.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 24
+|align="center"|Oil Pan
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Aluminum
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Storage of oil to be circulated
+||[[Image:oil_pan.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 25
+|align="center"|Piston
+|align="center"|6
+|align="center"|Iron
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Transfers the force created by the combustion reaction to piston rod then to the crankshaft
+||[[Image:piston1.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 25A
+|align="center"|Connecting Rod
+|align="center"|6
+|align="center"|Iron
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Connects the piston to the crankshaft, transfers forces
+||[[Image:connecting_rod.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 25B
+|align="center"|Compression Ring
+|align="center"|12 total, 2 per piston
+|align="center"|Aluminum
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Create a pressure seal between the piston and cylinder walls so adequate compression can be produced
+||[[Image:compression_ring.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 25C
+|align="center"|Oil Ring
+|align="center"|6 total, 1 per piston
+|align="center"|Aluminum
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Prevents oil from entering the combustion chamber
+||[[Image:oil_ring.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 26
+|align="center"|Engine Block
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Cast Iron
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Houses the pistons and other working parts
+||[[Image:engine_block.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 27
+|align="center"|Crankshaft
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Iron
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Takes the linear energy created by the pistons and translates it into rotational energy
+||[[Image:crankshaft1.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 28
+|align="center"|Camshaft
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Iron
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|The lobes on the camshaft press tappets which raise the pushrods against<br>the rocker arms to open the valves
+||
+|-
+|align="center"| 29
+|align="center"|Balance Shaft
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Iron
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Has weights which cause a vibration to cancel out that caused by the 90 degree cylinder banks.
+||[[Image:N721428034_1662905_7831.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 30
+|align="center"|Timing Chain
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Rubber
+|align="center"|Injection Molding
+|align="center"|Connects the the crankshaft, camshaft, and balance shaft so that they all spin at the correct speeds.
+||
+|-
+|align="center"| 31
+|align="center"|Timing Chain Cover
+|align="center"|1
+|align="center"|Composite Plastic
+|align="center"|Injection Molded
+|align="center"|Acts as a guard to keep debris away from the timing chain
+||[[Image:timing_chain_cover.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 32
+|align="center"|Cylinder Heads
+|align="center"|2
+|align="center"|Iron
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Each house rocker arms and valves for delivery of fuel and air into the combustion chambers.<br>The top of each combustion chamber is provided by the cylinder head.
+||[[Image:cylinder_head_covers.jpg|center|thumb|50px]]
+|-
+|align="center"| 33
+|align="center"|Headgaskets
+|align="center"|2
+|align="center"|MLS - Multiple Layer Steel or Copper
+|align="center"|Cast
+|align="center"|Create seals between the block and cylinder heads<br>so necessary compression can exist and oil and coolant can flow in their respective passageways.
+||
+|-
+|}