Revision as of 21:21, 16 November 2012 (view source) MAE 277 2012 - Group 28 (Talk | contribs) ← Older edit		Revision as of 12:34, 17 November 2012 (view source) MAE 277 2012 - Group 28 (Talk | contribs) Newer edit →
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	<h2>Solid Modeled Assembly</h2>		<h2>Solid Modeled Assembly</h2>
		+	<table border="4"  cellpadding="5">
		+	<tr><th colspan="2">3-D Modeling of Rear Bolt System</th></tr>
		+	<tr> <th> Rear Bolt Plug  </th><th>  Rear Bolt </th></tr>
		+	<tr> <td>  [[FILE:  2012 Group 28 Rear Bolt Plug Auto.png|200px]]  </td> <td>  [[FILE: 2012 Group 28 Rear Bolt Auto.png |200px]]  </td></tr>
		+	<tr> <th>Guide Pin </th><th> End Cap </th></tr>
		+	<tr> <td>  [[FILE: 2012 Group 28 Guide Pin Auto.png |200px]]  </td> <td>  [[FILE:  2012 Group 28 End Cap Auto.png |200px]]  </td></tr>
		+	<tr> <th> Drive Spring  </th><th>Rear Bolt Assembly  </th></tr>
		+	<tr> <td>  [[FILE:  2012 Group 28 Drive Spring Auto.png|200px]]  </td> <td>  [[FILE:  2012 Group 28 Assembly Auto.png|200px]]  </td></tr>
		+	</table>
		+	<p>Using Autodesk Inventor, the Rear Bolt System (consisting of the Rear Bolt, Rear Bolt Plug, End Cap, Guide Pin, and Drive Spring), was modeled in 3-D. Each component, except the spring, was first drawn orthographically by hand by the Project Coordinator and then given to the Designer to convert in to three-dimensional model. The Designer chose Autodesk Inventor due to his experience with the program in drawing 3D models. The Rear Bolt System was chosen to have a better visualization everything right of the valve and what conditions it may be in while the spring might be completely compressed or in its equilibrium state. The transfer of energy from the compressed Drive Spring to the Rear Bolt to the Valve is what allows paintballs to be fired, thus have a better visualization of this process will lead to a better understanding of that particular function.</p>
		+
	<h2>Engineering Analysis</h2>		<h2>Engineering Analysis</h2>
		+	<object data= "2012_Group_28_Analysis.pdf‎" type="application/pdf" width="100%" height="100%">
		+
		+	<p>It appears you don't have a PDF plugin for this browser.
		+	No problem… you can <a href="http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/File:2012_Group_28_Analysis.pdf">click here to
		+	download the PDF file.</a></p>
		+
		+	</object>
	<h2>Design Revisions</h2>		<h2>Design Revisions</h2>
		+

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Revision as of 12:34, 17 November 2012

Contents 1 Main Page 2 Purpose 3 Coordination Review 3.1 Cause for Corrective Action 4 Product Evaluation 4.1 Component Summary 4.2 Product Analysis 4.2.1 Measuring Component Complexity 4.2.2 Hopper 4.2.2.1 Component Function 4.2.2.2 Component Form 4.2.2.3 Manufacturing Methods 4.2.2.4 Component Complexity 4.2.3 Feed Elbow 4.2.3.1 Component Function 4.2.3.2 Component Form 4.2.3.3 Manufacturing Methods 4.2.3.4 Component Complexity 4.2.4 Marker Casing (Custom Receiver Left & Right) 4.2.4.1 Component Function 4.2.4.2 Component Form 4.2.4.3 Manufacturing Methods 4.2.4.4 Component Complexity 4.2.5 Rear Bolt & Rear Bolt Plug 4.2.5.1 Component Function 4.2.5.2 Component Form 4.2.5.3 Manufacturing Methods 4.2.5.4 Component Complexity 4.2.6 Trigger 4.2.6.1 Component Function 4.2.6.2 Component Form 4.2.6.3 Manufacturing Methods 4.2.6.4 Component Complexity 4.2.7 Sear 4.2.7.1 Component Function 4.2.7.2 Component Form 4.2.7.3 Manufacturing Methods 4.2.7.4 Component Complexity 4.2.8 Barrel 4.2.8.1 Component Function 4.2.8.2 Component Form 4.2.8.3 Manufacturing Methods 4.2.8.4 Component Complexity 4.3 Solid Modeled Assembly 4.4 Engineering Analysis 4.5 Design Revisions

Main Page

Purpose

Gate 3 will provide a more detailed analysis of the Tippmann 98 Custom Paintball Marker by examining the product’s components more thoroughly and discussing their significance in relation to the product’s overall function and interaction between other components.

Coordination Review

Cause for Corrective Action

After Gate 2 was completed, Group 28 planned for Gate 3 by planning out what tasks needed to completed with the time that we had. The weeks preceding the deadline for Gate 3 had many time conflicts for group members, due to exams and time scheduled for studying. Thus, most of the group members opted to delay progress on Gate 3 material until after they had time to devote to it. The group decided to work on the weekend directly following exams; this decision was followed through with and a great majority of pre-wiki was completed. Though the group decided to allot their time towards studying for exams and such, most of the work for Gate 3 was accomplished for at the rescheduled time. Group 28 still had problems with working on the Gate in an orderly, efficient manner but still managed to devote an equal amount of time later on.
Nearing the deadline of Gate 3, the group has yet to discuss work on Gate 4 which will need to be addressed before the Fall break. If a plan for Gate 4 is not discussed prior to the break, there will only be less than a week to have to work on the Gate.

Product Evaluation

Component Summary

The following is a table with every component of the Tippmann 98 Custom Paintball Marker. The table will provide several different types of information on the components :

• Part (Manufacturing) number
• Component name
• Material composition of the component
• Manufacturing process(es) used to construct the component
• Component’s function
• Picture of the Component

Part Number	Part Name	Material Composition	Manufacturing Process	Function	Picture
98-39	Stock Barrel	Aluminum	Turning and Drilling	Channels the paintballs out of the marker chamber
02-17	Front Bolt	Plastic	Injection Molding	Impacts paintball by CO2 purpulsion
98-16	Linkage Arm	Steel	Drawing	Ensures the bolt system moves together, by linking the front and rear bolt together.
98-21NR	Custom Power Tube	Plastic	Injection Molding and Drilling	Encases the Valve, and directs the flow of CO2 gas forward when the marker is being fired.
98-V	Valve Complete	Comprised mostly of Steel and some Plastic parts(Dissection of the Valve would yield more information)	Due to the complexity* of this part, several processes were used for each internal part Investment Casting for the Valve Body, Valve Plunger, and Plug. Injection Molding for O-Rings Extrusion(then shaping) for Valve Spring	Receives and contains the CO2 from the gas line, until the marker is fired; upon the rear bolt striking the valve, CO2 is released through the power tube.
TA05101	Rear Bolt	Steel	Die Casting, then Machine Drilling	Directly strikes the Valve when the marker’s triggered pulled in the “cocked”** position
TA5005	Rear Bolt Plug	Plastic	Injection Molding	Housed within Rear Bolt and guides the Drive Spring, and thusly the Guide Pin
CA-14	Drive Spring	Steel	Extrusion then shaped	Stores potential energy when compressed(“cocked”** position), which transfers to the Rear Bolt if the marker’s trigger is pulled.
CA-15	Guide Pin	Stainless Steel	Drawn then Forging	Prevents the Drive Spring from deforming or being misplaced between the End Cap and Rear Bolt.
98-57	Buffer O-Ring	Rubber	Injection Molding	Absorbs force of Rear Bolt when marker is “cocked”**
98-05	End Cap	Plastic	Injection Molding	Encloses the back of the Marker Chamber, and provides a support for the end the Guide Pin and Drive Spring.
98-13	Bolt Handle	Steel	Turning then Drilling then Grinding for handle portion	Connected to the Rear Bolt(and Plug) and secured by the Drive Spring, allows the user to pull back the Rear Bolt into the “cocked”** position.
98-28P	Rear Sight	Plastic	Injection Molding	Allows the user to have a direct perception of where they might be aiming, also known as a Line of Sight.
TA-05003 & TA-5004	Split Grip(Left & Right)	Plastic	Injection Molding	Surrounds the handle portion of the Marker Casing, which provides a better grip for the user.
98-07L & 98-07R	Front Grip(Left & Right)	Plastic	Injection Molding	Fastened to the front of the Marker Casing by a Long Receiver Bolt, Provides a convenient grip for the front of the gun.
98-36A	Trigger	Plastic	Injection Molding	When the user squeezes the Trigger and the rear bolt is “cocked”**, the sear will be lifted and allow the rear bolt to fire.
02-35	Sear	Steel	Die Casting	If in proper position, the Rear Bolt will be fixed in a single position with only the Sear preventing it from moving forward; this is the “cocked”** position.
98-38	Trigger Guard	Plastic	Injection Molding	Provides a minor barrier to foreign objects hitting the trigger accidently; a cautionary component to prevent misfires.
98-20	Trigger Spring (Yellow)	Steel	Extrusion then shaped	Provides a force to the Trigger which prevents it from interacting with the sear
02-20	Sear Spring (Blue)	Steel	Extrusion then shaped	Provides a restoring forces that cause the Sear to rotate about the Sear Pin (Black); Allows the Rear Bolt to remain “cocked”**.
98-33	Receiver Dowel Pins (4)	Steel	Extrusion	Provides support and pivot points for the Trigger and prevents the Sear from being moved too far upward or downward.
CA-36	Sear Pin (Black)	Steel	Extrusion	Provides support and acts a pivot point for the Sear.
98-37N	Safety	Plastic	Injection Molding	If pushed inward, the Trigger cannot be squeezed, vice versa.
TA05101	Custom Receiver (Left)	Aluminum Alloy	Die Casting	The Left side of the overall casing; most notable feature is the slot opening near the back side for the Bolt Handle to move back and forth.
TA05102	Custom Receiver (Right)	Aluminum Alloy	Die Casting	The Right side of the overall casing; most notable feature is the opening for the Hopper to feed paintballs into and latch for the Feed Elbow to mount on.
98-14	Front Sight	Steel	Die Casting	Helps the user aim the marker; with the Front Sight Spring, this component is able to secure the Feed Elbow and prevent rotation about the latch which it is mounted on.
98-44	Front Sight Spring	Steel	Extrusion and shaped	Forces the Front Sight upward which prevents the Feed Elbow from rotating about off the Marker Casing.
98-15	Front Sight Pin	Aluminum	Extrusion	Acts as a pivot point for the Front Sight.
FA-18	Ball Latch	Rubber/Plastic	Injection Molding	Prevents paintballs from rolling out of the barrel when marker is not firing.
98-09N	Gas Line	Stainless Steel	Drawing (Weaved Steel Cable)/Die Casting (Solid Ends)	Connects the Tank Adapter with the Valve/Power Tube, thus being the primary means of transferring CO2
98-06	Tank Adapter	Plastic	Injection Molding	Regulates the amount of CO2 coming from the affixed CO2 Tank.
98-04	Feed Elbow	Plastic	Injection Molding	elbow joint designed to conform to Custom Receiver (Right) and the bottom opening of the Hopper; allows paintballs to feed from hopper into marker chamber.
Not Available	Hopper (Left & Right)	Plastic	Injection Molding	Identical Halves of shell, which holds approximately 200 paintballs; allows paintballs to feed/fall through Feed Elbow.
Not Available	Hopper Screws (6)	Stainless Steel	Cold Forging	Fastens the two halves of the hopper together.
98-26	Valve Lock Bolt (2)	Stainless Steel	Cold Forging	Secures the Valve/Power Tube from moving inside the marker chamber
98-01A	Receiver Bolt (Short) (5)	Stainless Steel	Cold Forging	Secures the Right and Left sides of the marker casing together.
98-01B	Receiver Bolt (Long) (1)	Stainless Steel	Cold Forging	Secures the Right and Left sides of the marker casing together; also secures the Front Grip(Left & Right) to the marker casing.
CA-02A	Grip Screw (2)	Stainless Steel	Cold Forging	Secures the Split Grip (Left & Right) to the marker casing.
PL-01A	Adapter Bolt (Short)	Stainless Steel	Cold Forging	Secures Tank Adaptor to marker casing.
98-06A	Adapter Bolt (Long)	Stainless Steel	Cold Forging	Secures Tank Adaptor to marker casing.
CA-08B	Adapter Nut (2)	Stainless Steel	Hot Forging	Housed between marker casing and allows the Adapter Bolts(Long & Short) to fasten and secure properly.
* - the disassembly of the Valve is not advised since re-assembling the Valve would be near impossible with special tools. A diagram of the inside was referred to speculate on the manufacturing of the Valve and its inner components. ** - The “cocked” position is when the rear bolt is being held back by the sear and the spring is being compressed. In this state, this system has potential energy which will be released when the trigger is squeezed or the sear is displaced. The following picture is what the marker looks like in the “cocked” position.

Product Analysis

Measuring Component Complexity

Component complexity is not normal unit that can be measured through normal means, so a scale measuring certain key features of each component will produce values that will provide a sense of the level of complexity.
A 0 – 3 point scale will be used for each feature:

• 0 – The component has none of this feature
• 1 – The component has very little of this feature
• 2 – The component has a moderate amount of this feature
• 3 – The component has a lot of this feature

And the Key Features being considered are:

• Material Composition Diversity: which takes into account how many different distinct materials (metals, polymers, wood, etc.) the component is composed of.
• Manufacturing Process: which takes into account how difficult or complex the process to make the component was.
• Energy Interaction: which takes notice of how often and to what magnitude the component interacts with forces and transfers of energy (gravity, changes in kinetic, potential, internal energy, non-atmospheric pressures, etc.)
• Geometry: which considers how abstract or uncommon the geometry of the component is. An ergonomic viewpoint may be considered, since complexity is related to how well the component geometry might suit the user.
• Component Mobility/Movability: which considers if the product moves unnaturally or is prone to being displaced for its normal position. This feature will also consider removability and the ability for the component to freely move on its own or if the user wishes it be moved.
• Component Interaction: which considers the interaction between sub-systems and other components. Obviously, the more interactions a component has the more varying factors and function are associated with it.

When all these features have being given a rating from the afore-mentioned scale, a weighted average will be taken to determine how complex the component is. Simply put, a smaller number will have less complexity (simplicity) and a larger number will be more complex (abstract).
The formula is determined by giving key features more contribution towards complexity than others:
Complexity(C) = 0.10(MCD) + 0.10(MP) + 0.25(EI) + 0.20(G) + 0.15(CMM) + 0.20(CI)
Each term is simply written as the first letter of each feature (Manufacturing Process = MP)
the highest obtainable score is 3 while the lowest is 0

Before analyzing all of these component, a general remark about the environment in which they function/ operate will be made: Every component discussed below operates in relatively same environment, which is any climate/weather or terrain a paintball match would be set in: ranging from snowy to dry and hot or rocky to grassy terrain. Even the components which are housed inside the paintball casing are susceptible to these environments, as the casing is not a well-sealed apparatus.

Hopper

Component Function

The hopper’s sole purpose is to feed paintballs into the paintball marker. This is achieved with the aid of gravity, which will cause paintballs to go downwards towards an opening at the bottom of the hopper, then through the feed elbow, and finally into the marker chamber. For this hopper in particular, the action of feeding the paintballs is not quite accurate, since gravity does all of the work and the hopper is mainly a containment unit; there are no additional forces which would force the paintballs down more efficiently or more quickly.
In order to fill the hopper with paintballs, the user has to simply pour the paintballs into the opening which is covered by fitted plastic lid that acts about a hinge.

Component Form

The hopper is in the shape of a “bean” and is composed of rigid, black plastic looks with the exception of the clear plastic lid.
Other notable dimensions/properties are:

• Symmetrical down its longest side (where it separates into halves)
• Two circular openings at the bottom (13/16 inches Diameter) and at the side facing towards the user (2.25 inches Diameter)
• Six screw wholes for the relevant screws to fasten the two identical halves together
• Average thickness of 3/32 inches
• Semi-matt surface finish on the outside and glossy, smooth finish on the inside
• Right halve weight – 2.36 oz; Left halve weight – 2.18 oz; Lid weight – 0.46 oz
• Average height of 3.5 inches (not including the bottom opening), Length of 8.5 inches, and Width of 3.5 inches
• ”MADE IN CHINA” mark on the outside in small print, the company logo on both sides, and several drafts on insides of halves
• Holds approximately 200 paintballs
• The bottom opening diameter is identical to the top opening of the Feed Elbow’s top diameter

From these observations, some information can be inferred about the consideration that went to the design of the hopper. The hopper is in general a lightweight, rigid plastic shell meant to simply hold one object. Also, the aesthetics of the hopper are not particularly amazing or impressive. With this in mind, the designers and engineers at 32 degrees (the manufacturer of this particular hopper) decided to build a universal, economical hopper that can be considered an industry standard for all paintball markers. With a price of approximately 4 US Dollars, the production of this hopper was meant to be simple, basic and straightforward to its purpose (feed paintballs); the unimpressive yet efficient design of this component is a reflection of that.

Manufacturing Methods

In order to produce a basic hopper at a very affordable price, the most economical choice was to create the hopper out of plastic, a very inexpensive material compared to metal or wood. And to form the plastic, the most economical method would be Injection Molding, which is economical for mass production. Also, the overall shape of the hopper is relatively simple, with no abrupt changes in curvature or finely detailed aesthetics, so the initial mold for the hopper would be cheaper to produce than one requiring a costlier mold for complex geometry. With only two halves that are almost identical and a flat and simple lid, the molds needed would not have to be extremely intricate nor require any additional R&D. Thus, the overall the design of this hopper is suited well to economic advantages of Injection Molding and was thusly designed around that concept.

Component Complexity

The component complexity can be considered accordingly :

• Material Composition Diversity: A rating of 1, since only a simple plastic of black or clear is used, and simple stainless steel screws are used.
• Manufacturing Process: A rating of 1, since Injection Molding of this degree is straightforward and relatively easily
• Energy Interaction: A rating of 2, since the component is completely reliant of gravity, as is the nature of a gravity-fed hopper
• Geometry: A rating of 2, since the design is simple in terms of production but abnormal compared to simple geometric figures (cylinders, rectangles, circles, etc.)
• Component Mobility/Movability: A rating of 2, since the component has a lid which will be repeatedly opened and shut, and the hopper is separate from the main body of the marker (actually a third party product), which actually makes this component completely removable if desired.
• Component Interaction: A rating of 1, since the only interaction is the Elbow Feed, which only consists of paintballs being fed through.

Applying the formula: Complexity = 0.10(1) + 0.10(1) + 0.25(2) + 0.20(2) + 0.15(2) + 0.20(1) = 1.6

Feed Elbow

Component Function

The Feed Elbow’s name is very revealing of its function, as it is an elbow joint which allows the feeding of paintballs. The bottom hopper is affixed to the top of the elbow joint, and the bottom/side is mounted on the side of the Custom Receiver (Right) via an impermanent hinge. The feed elbow is the intermediary step from the hopper to marker chamber, and simply directs the paintballs from the hopper to the chamber. The feed elbow is also restrained to the casing by the front sight which prevents the component from rotating about the hinge and away from the casing.

Component Form

The Elbow Feed is made of black plastic and has a few metal components that serve the only purpose of mounting it to the casing.
Other notable dimensions/properties are:

• An average thickness of 1/8 inch
• Weight of 1.79 oz
• Elbow bend of 40 degress
• Top opening diameter of 1 inch (not including thickness)/Side opening diameter of ¾ inch (not including thickness)
• Average Width of 1.75 inches, Total Height of 3 inches, and Height from top to bottom of side opening of 2.125 inches
• Draft marks and parting lines
• Semi-matt surface finish with no aesthetics
• Symmetrical down its front face with side opening facing forward
• The general geometry changes from an open cylinder at the top opening, into a elbow joint a third of the way down, and then an opening which fits the geometry of the side of the marker casing

From these observations, the Elbow feed is another straightforward component that only has the features necessary to perform its function. The simple, black and semi-matt plastic is a cheap and basic material that is very common, and serves the purpose of being cheap, economical, and consistent with the rest of the outside components of the marker. Though the people who designed this component were not from the same manufacturers as this component, the theme is still the same, simple and economic parts that perform their function without unnecessary actions.

Manufacturing Methods

Very similar to the Hopper, the Elbow Feed has been constructed with Injection Molding in mind, since the specifications needed to conform to the side of the casing and allow the transfer of paintballs does not have to be perfect, there can be some more for error. Injection molding will also have no impact on the performance of marker, but so would any other method of manufacturing, too; thus, there would be no reason to design an Elbow Feed with an intricate design and composed of extremely high quality material which might require a more complex manufacturing process.

Component Complexity

The component complexity can be considered accordingly :

• Material Composition Diversity: A rating of 2, since additional metal components are necessary to mount it to the casing. The primarily plastic component is reliant upon these metal fixtures
• Manufacturing Process:A rating of 1, since Injection Molding is a relatively simple process, and this mold would consist of only a single part
• Energy Interaction: A rating of 1, The component will only experience the weight of the Hopper and the impact of very light paintballs, which will have no effect (deformation or wearing) on the to the plastic its constructed of.
• Geometry:A rating of 2, since the geometry changes several times, yet is not too extreme or abstract.
• Component Mobility/Movability: A rating or 3, since the component has to rely on a hinge and be secured by the front sight. This component is also completely removable and can be considered optional by the user.
• Component Interaction: A rating of 2, since the component must interact directly with the Hopper and the chamber, but only contributes passively by allowing the paintballs to get from point a to b.

Applying the formula: Complexity = 0.10(2) + 0.10(1) + 0.25(1) + 0.20(2) + 0.15(3) + 0.20(2) = 1.8

Marker Casing (Custom Receiver Left & Right)

Component Function

Marker Casing’s primary function is to house the internal components, such as the valve and bolt sub-system, and act a device that can combine with external fixtures, such as the grips, barrel, tank adaptor, hopper, and elbow feed. Along with being the central fixture of the paintball marker, the casing is the primary means which allows the user to properly interact with the marker and the other components; when the other components are properly supported/constrained, the functions of those other components will perform as they should, since they were designed to operate with the casing.

Component Form

The most distinguishing trait about the casing is the similarity to a standard issue handgun. As the handgun is best suited for firing projectiles with just the pull of the trigger, so is the paintball marker casing, which mimics the generic layout of the handgun; a hand-grip-friendly handle, a trigger located near the expected placement of the index(trigger-pulling) finger, and a single barrel that will contain ammunition and propulsion for that ammunition. This generic layout is intuitive to new users and very common to users with prior firearm/water gun experience. However, certain modifications are made to account for the fact that this is a paintball marker and requires different ammunition and sources of propulsion. The most apparent modifications are the diameter of barrel and chamber to accommodate the paintballs, and the method in which the ammunition is contained and fed, the hopper and feed elbow.

Other notable features are:

• The casing is composed some type of aluminum alloy
• Height of the casing(excluding the front and back handle) – 2 inches/(including the handles) – 5.75 inches
• Length(excluding back handle) – 10.75 inches/(including back handle) – 11.25 inches
• Total Weight of casing – 23.51 oz / Left – 11.81 oz / Right – 11.70 oz
Black painted, matte surface finish on the outsides, and no notable surface finish on the inside besides post-casting polishing to provide a smoother surface.

Notable differences between the right and left sides are:

Custom Receiver Left	Custom Receiver Right
Horizontal Slot for Bolt Handle, to allow cocking. Velocity Adjustment Opening Product name/logo in bold gray letters “Push Safe” text to point out that if the Safety is pushed in on this side, the marker will be toggled in “safe mode” Side which Receiver Bolts are fastened to	Opening and hinge to allow Feed Elbow to attach to “Push Fire” text to point out that if the Safety is pushed in on this side, the marker will be toggled in “fire mode” Side which Valve Lock Bolts are fastened to Engraved Warning label and product patent number

From this information, the two halves of the casing continue this product’s theme of simple and straightforward components. In order to appeal to the masses and gain the reputation of a “standard” paintball gun, the 98 Custom’s main most apparent feature, the casing, mimicked many features of the standard handgun. However, after taking into account the necessity to scale this design to accommodate the function of firing paintball and remain an affordable marker, an aluminum alloy was used to make the casing rather than steel. A casing composed of this material would be cheaper yet still have enough durability and strength to manage the other components; steel could be used but the casing would be too difficult to handle, and if plastic was used it would be cheaper but sacrifice durability over the lifetime of the component. Apart from the physical properties of the casing, the visual aspects, specifically the shape of a firearm, is a constant reminder that the paintball marker can still cause injury and should not be misused; thus, the choosing the shape of a handgun will be a signal to the user and others that this is not a toy.

Manufacturing Methods

With consideration to the apparent theme of simple and straightforward, constructing the casing out of almost identical halves and of a fairly affordable material would not cause any drastic sacrifices to the performance of the marker, and would provide ease of assembly/disassembly for the user. In order to support several components on the inside and outside, as well as to allow openings in various spots, the manufacturing method would need to abide these requirements in order to successfully create the casing. While machining and forging could be used, the much simpler method of die casting was used for each casing side. Die casting could easily and economically accommodate an aluminum alloy casing that would need to be relatively flat, simply curved, and require holes and openings in several spots. This method would produce dimensionally consistent component at an economical cost if they are mass produced.</p>

Component Complexity

The component complexity can be considered accordingly :

• Material Composition Diversity: A rating of 0, since the casing halves are composed of a single material, which means there is no composition diversity.
• Manufacturing Process: A rating of 2, since the product required two separate molds for each casing halve, and then after the die casting, probably some post-processing to allows screws and bolts to fasten the two sides.
• Energy Interaction: At rating of 1, since the component when assembled with all other components, will not withstand any forces that may cause harm to it. When fastened together, the casing can be considered a solid, durable metal housing.
• Geometry: A rating of 3, since the profile of the casing halves is very exact and has every component fit within or on the casing. There is no definitive name of the geometric shape might be.
• Component Mobility/Movability: a rating of 0, since the component will not move or be displaced when fastened, with exclusion of the user moving the entire product.
• Component Interaction: A rating of 3, the component interacts with almost every component in the product, and many of the other products are completely reliant on the casing in order their function to be carried out.

Applying the formula: Complexity = 0.10(0) + 0.10(2) + 0.25(1) + 0.20(3) + 0.15(0) + 0.20(3) = 1.65

Rear Bolt & Rear Bolt Plug

Component Function

The Rear Bolt and the Rear Bolt Plug coincide with each and rely on each other to perform their overall function: which provides the firing force to actuate the valve and release the pressurized gas. While this is the overall function of both these components combined, the Rear Bolt and Plug have several other functions they are responsible separate from each other.
<tr><th>Rear Bolt </th><th>Rear Bolt Plug</th></tr> <tr><td>

• With the Linkage Arm acting as a link to the Front Bolt, the movement of the Rear Bolt will move the Front Bolt the same
• Velocity Adjustment Opening
• Product name/logo in bold gray letters
• “Push Safe” text to point out that if the Safety is pushed in on this side, the marker will be toggled in “safe mode”
• Side which Receiver Bolts are fastened to

</td> <td>

• Opening and hinge to allow Feed Elbow to attach to
• “Push Fire” text to point out that if the Safety is pushed in on this side, the marker will be toggled in “fire mode”
• Side which Valve Lock Bolts are fastened to
• Engraved Warning label and product patent number

</td>

</table>

Component Form

Manufacturing Methods

Component Complexity

<p> The component complexity can be considered accordingly :

• Material Composition Diversity:
• Manufacturing Process:
• Energy Interaction
• Geometry:
• Component Mobility/Movability
• Component Interaction:

Trigger

Component Function

Component Form

Manufacturing Methods

Component Complexity

The component complexity can be considered accordingly :

• Material Composition Diversity:
• Manufacturing Process:
• Energy Interaction
• Geometry:
• Component Mobility/Movability
• Component Interaction:

Sear

Component Function

Component Form

Manufacturing Methods

Component Complexity

The component complexity can be considered accordingly :

• Material Composition Diversity:
• Manufacturing Process:
• Energy Interaction
• Geometry:
• Component Mobility/Movability
• Component Interaction:

Barrel

Component Function

Component Form

Manufacturing Methods

Component Complexity

The component complexity can be considered accordingly :

• Material Composition Diversity:
• Manufacturing Process:
• Energy Interaction
• Geometry:
• Component Mobility/Movability
• Component Interaction:

 

Solid Modeled Assembly

3-D Modeling of Rear Bolt System
Rear Bolt Plug	Rear Bolt
Guide Pin	End Cap
Drive Spring	Rear Bolt Assembly

Using Autodesk Inventor, the Rear Bolt System (consisting of the Rear Bolt, Rear Bolt Plug, End Cap, Guide Pin, and Drive Spring), was modeled in 3-D. Each component, except the spring, was first drawn orthographically by hand by the Project Coordinator and then given to the Designer to convert in to three-dimensional model. The Designer chose Autodesk Inventor due to his experience with the program in drawing 3D models. The Rear Bolt System was chosen to have a better visualization everything right of the valve and what conditions it may be in while the spring might be completely compressed or in its equilibrium state. The transfer of energy from the compressed Drive Spring to the Rear Bolt to the Valve is what allows paintballs to be fired, thus have a better visualization of this process will lead to a better understanding of that particular function.

Engineering Analysis

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Design Revisions