Group 24 - Playstation 2

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[[image:dvd.jpg|right|thumb|Hitachi-LG GCE-8400B|450px]]
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[[Image:20080212182533!PlayStation 2.png|right|thumb|The Sony PlayStation 2|450px]]
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==Executive Summary==
 
==Executive Summary==
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The main focus of this product dissection was to fully disassemble a CD-R/RW drive typical of [[optical drives]] used today for reading the data on the ubiquitous CD. This particular device is intended to fit in the 5.25" drive bay of modern desktop computer towers. The procedure was to incorporate a complete product dissection including careful disassembly, component study, and reassembly. The initial phase consisted of a complete tear-down of the product and photo-documentation. Subassemblies were numbered and placed in separate containers for later identification and ease of reassembly. Each component and subassembly was studied in order to better understand its function within the unit, and how it interacted with other components in order to perform the same overall function. Once inside, the intricacies and capabilities of modern electronics can be fully realized. The product itself is able to load a DVD disc into the tray, read it through the use of a [[laser]], convert the data into a signal readable by the computer in a package not much larger than the disc itself. After documenting a few crucial components in a 3-D CAD program the components were assembled back together. The process was straightforward and easy using only a small screwdriver and basic disassembly skills can completely remove almost all necessary components to study the product. As this was a base-model widely available device, and most certainly not intended for infinite life use, some of the components were not designed to withstand the forces necessary to disassemble it. These include many small plastic pieces and a small rubber belt that was missing upon delivery of the item.
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The objective of this guided investigation was for our group, Group 24, to look into the assembly, function, manufacturing, and materials of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_2 PlayStation 2] gaming console via analytical dissection. The PlayStation 2 is a popular gaming console meant for the household. The group carefully recorded the investigation: we did a visual pre-dissection analysis, dissected the product and then reassembled it. Our pre-dissection analysis consisted of taking pictures of the PS2 we received and guessing as to the nature of the operation of the console, all the while recording our observations; since the console was not functional when we received it we continued on to the dissection. The disassembly was fast and easy due to the group taking a methodological and efficient approach to the task: we took pictures of each step, organized loose parts and made a written record of each step. During the dissection we paid close attention to the connections between the components and how they interact with each other. Post-disassembly consisted of the group investigating each part individually to uncover its function. Despite the cataloging of part and methodological dissection the reassembly was slightly difficult because of the amount of task of remembering how everything went together.  
  
 
==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
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===Product Description===
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===Sony PlayStation 2 Technical Specifications===
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*Computer CD-R/RW Drive
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*Manufacturer: Sony Computer Entertainment
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*Manufacturer: HL Data Storage, April 2002
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*Product Name: Sony PlayStation 2 “Charcoal Black”
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*Designed By: Hitachi-LG Data Storage
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*Product Code: SCPH-70000 CB
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*Model Number: GCE-8400B
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*Compatible Media formats:  
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*Laser Class: 1
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**PlayStation® format CD-ROM
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*Buffer Size: 8 MB
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**PlayStation®2 format CD-ROM
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*Access Time: 110 ms
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**PlayStation®2 format DVD-ROM
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*Read Speed: 40x
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**Audio CD
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*Write Speed: 40x
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**DVD-Video
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*Rewrite Speed: 12x
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**DVD-RW (VR mode)
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*Maximum Data Transfer Rate: 6,000 KB/s
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*Power requirements: 120 V AC, 60 Hz
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*Dimensions: 5.25in (width), 1.5in (height)
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*CPU: 64-bit "Emotion Engine", clocked at 294.912 MHz
 +
*GPU: "Graphics Synthesizer", clocked at 147 MHz
  
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
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CD drives have become a crucial and effective way of storing and viewing data. CD's are upgrades from the floppy disc and much larger discs. The first CD-ROM drive was created and launched in 1990, since then the industry has not looked back. The read speed of the first    CD-ROM drive was 1x, nowadays drives can read up to 52x. A typical CD has 650MB of storage, this is equivalent to over 450 floppy discs. Computer drives offer a simple exterior design that houses many well designed components. CD drives have been incorporated into society and have become essential to many situations.
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The advent of video games has exploded into everyday life, first in arcade rooms, and then into the consumers homes, all thanks to consoles and computers. Where else can one experience the surreal and awe-inspiring visuals, plots, and all out entertainment of video games? The PlayStation 2 is a powerful graphics processing unit for the consumer that, because of its multi-media reading capabilities, allows consumers and corporate providers amazing flexibility in what the console can be used for (not just games: the console can play movies from DVD's and CD's because of its multifunctional integrated optical drive).
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<BR>
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<BR>  
  
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Data is read from a disc using a laser and photosensor, the laser shines onto the disc reading the lands and pits. Pits are small bumps written to the disc; lands are the flat surfaces between the pits. The disc contains the lands and pits in a spiral track, when the spiral is stretched out it measures 3.5 miles in length. Upon a laser shining onto the disc it is either reflected into the photosensor or diverted away from the photosensor, this creates binary code. When the laser is reflected into the photosensor it is deemed a "1", when it is diverted away it is deemed a "0". The type and content of the file is determined by this code.
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===Group Members and Tasks===
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[[Image:277.gif|center]]
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*Nathan Boyar - Group leader, oral presentation, made/researched charts and pictures for group PowerPoint
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<BR>
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*Mike Chi - CAD model of power switch, made group PowerPoint presentation  
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This drive also has the capability of writing or "burning" data to a CD-R(recordable). A more powerful laser is used to burn the pits and grooves into the blank CD. The CD-R has a data size limit; it cannot be exceeded. Also, once data is burned into the CD-R, it cannot be used again. There is another type writable CD the drive can utilize called a CD-RW(Rewritable), which can be used more than once, but also contains a data size limit. Data can be repeatedly burned onto the disc so long as it does not exceed its limit.
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*Ron Heichman - wikipage and written material, documented dissection
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<BR>
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*Andrew Tomaschke - CAD model of console cover, lead mechanical dissection, made a second dissection
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*Ethan Ulm - CAD model of reset/eject button, lead mechanical dissection
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===Group Members===
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All group members collaborated on the project and each had their own parts to work on.
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*Bryan Humes - Group leader, 3D CAD, wikipage, oral presentation
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*Brian Maisch - 3D CAD, oral presentation, Video
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*Eric Klaben - Oral presentation, wikipage
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*Winnie Liu - Disassembly, design changes
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*Fahr-Deen Kadree - Reassembly, reflection
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==Before Disassembly==
 
==Before Disassembly==
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===Purpose===
 
===Purpose===
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The purpose of the CD-R\RW drive can be broken down into 3 main functions. It is used to save data so as to preserve it for future use. To read or play the file encoded on the disc and this model can also burn data onto a CD-R or CD-RW.
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The Sony PlayStation 2 gaming console is a video gaming entertainment console for the home. The main purpose of the PS2 is to provide the user with an interactive arcade-style experience in the comfort of their home at a lump sum cost, rather then the continuous spending that would be associated with arcade playing. The PS2 works by reading game data from an optical disk, converting this read only memory to functional RAM and then processing this game information in a GPU (graphics processing unit). The RAM, GPU information and any input from the user via the PS2 game controller are then processed in what is called an “Emotion” Engine. The Emotion Engine assimilates all the information from the 3 system processes into what you see on the screen. This whole process is the only computational part of the PS2; all other processes are “support” processes. Because the electrical components in the parts of the PS2 generate heat due to their natural electrical resistivity, the heat sink must dissipate the heat from the CPU/GPU (motherboard) and then the internal fan must circulate this hot air to the outside, so that the cooling can occur continuously and keep the electrical components at a temperature low enough so that they function at optimal performance levels.
  
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===Condition===
 
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The product was in fair condition, all moving parts functioned; However, the product was missing a pulley belt, therfore, it did not operate properly. The emergency eject feature also did not operate.
 
  
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===Energy Usage and Conversion===
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Many types of energy are used and converted in the PS2: This all starts with the mechanical energy the user provides to complete the power-on circuit. This circuit now allows the electrical current from the wall socket to permeate the electrical components of the system.
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The electrical energy is converted into:
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*In the CPU the electrical energy is transmitted to the transistors to perform logical operations and as a result of the resistive nature of the components of the CPU, the electrical energy is partially transformed into (useless) heat energy
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*The fan converts the electrical energy into magnetic energy in its motor which is converted into rotational energy to dissipate the heat from the heat sink to the environment (a temperature low reservoir)
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*The optical reader converts the electrical energy to magnetic energy; this energy is used spin the optical disk by way of a motor (rotational energy). LASER head then reads the disk. The LASER head uses several types of energy: energy to move the head on its slides and energy for the motor to spin the gears to move it. The rest of the electric energy to the LASER is used as light energy for its laser. When the laser bounces off the optical disk it is converted back to electrical impulses which are read as data by the processor
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*The mechanical energy the user transfers to the controller via the buttons is converted into electrical impulses which are transferred to the CPU for analysis
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*The user’s mechanical energy gets converted by the “eject” button on the optical drive into an electrical impulse. The electrical impulse is converted into magnetic energy, this mechanical energy is used to spin a motor (rotational energy), and the motor then moves the tray (kinetic energy)
  
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===Parts and Materials===
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===Operation===
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Our group estimated our product would contain approximately 20 different parts and 6 different types of materials before disassembly.
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When we tried to operate the product it did not function and did not even turn on, we assumed it did not function because of some electrical system failure since the green light in the front did not blink or turn on
  
 +
===Constituent Components and Materials===
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We think that the product has about 5 main functional parts:
 +
*the GPU and CPU (part of the motherboard)
 +
*the heat sink
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*the fan
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*Optical drive
 +
 +
From what we can see, the product is made of metal (aluminum), plastic (most likely Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), which is oft used for electronic enclosures), Copper (for the wires), solder, steel (for screws), and gold (for the connector plating)
  
 
==Disassembly Procedure==
 
==Disassembly Procedure==
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{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
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{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" align="center"
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! Step
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! Step #
 
! Process
 
! Process
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! Difficulty(1-5)  5 being the hardest
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! Difficulty
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! Tools Required
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! Tool Needed
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! Picture of Step
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! Visual
 
|-
 
|-
 
| align="center" | 1
 
| align="center" | 1
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| align="center" | Remove 4 screws from bottom plate
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| align="center" | Removed screw covers on bottom of PS2 (Slots highlighted green in visual)
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| align="center" | 1
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| align="center" | Easy
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| align="center" | Phillips Head Screwdriver
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| align="center" | None
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| align="center" | [[Image:IMG_0016.JPG|100px]]
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| align="center" | [[Image:DSCF2814.JPG|150px]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| align="center" | 2
 
| align="center" | 2
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| align="center" | Unplug wires and remove main circuit board. This exposes all of the parts.
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| align="center" | Removed Screws under screw covers (visual of screws and covers in bowl)
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| align="center" | 2
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| align="center" | Easy
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| align="center" | Hands
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| align="center" | Phillips Screwdriver
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| align="center" | [[Image:IMG_0018.JPG|100px]]
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| align="center" | [[Image:DSCF2817.JPG|150px]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| align="center" | 3
 
| align="center" | 3
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| align="center" | Remove the sled motor by unscrewing 2 screws. Then detach the red head drive interface by unscrewing 1 screw.
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| align="center" | Removed console top (visual is console adjacent top)
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| align="center" | 2
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| align="center" | Easy
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| align="center" | Phillips Head Screwdriver
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| align="center" | Phillips Screwdriver
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| align="center" | [[Image:IMG_0020.JPG|100px]]
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| align="center" | [[Image:DSC00506.JPG|150px]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| align="center" | 4
 
| align="center" | 4
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| align="center" | Take the outer casing off of the internal frame
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| align="center" | Unplugged data cable from assembly (visual is disconnected power cable)
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| align="center" | 1
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| align="center" | Easy
−
| align="center" | Hands
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| align="center" | None
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| align="center" | [[Image:IMG_0028.JPG|100px]]
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| align="center" | [[Image:DSC00509.jpg|150px]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| align="center" | 5
 
| align="center" | 5
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| align="center" | Remove the 2 plastic brackets that are holding the red head by unscrewing 2 screws. This will free the red head assembly.
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| align="center" | Unscrewed optical drive (visual is optical drive outside of console)
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| align="center" | 2
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| align="center" | Easy
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| align="center" | Phillips Head Screwdriver
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| align="center" | Phillips Screwdriver
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| align="center" |  
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| align="center" | [[Image:DSC00522.jpg|150px]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| align="center" | 6
 
| align="center" | 6
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| align="center" | Remove the red head assembly by lifting it out of the housing.
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| align="center" | Unplugged power switch from console and removed it (visual is power switch held by group member)
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| align="center" | 3
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| align="center" | Easy
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| align="center" | Hands
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| align="center" | None
−
| align="center" | [[Image:Project 008.jpg|100px]]
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| align="center" | [[Image:DSCF2821.jpg|150px]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| align="center" | 7
 
| align="center" | 7
−
| align="center" | Remove the spindle motor support from the internal frame by removing 2 screws. This houses the spindle motor.
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| align="center" | Unscrewed Power supply main board
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| align="center" | 2
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| align="center" | Easy
−
| align="center" | Phillips Head Screwdriver
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| align="center" | Phillips Screwdriver
−
| align="center" | [[Image:IMG_0033.JPG|100px]]
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| align="center" | [[Image:DSC00524.jpg|150px]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| align="center" | 8
 
| align="center" | 8
−
| align="center" | Further disassemble the spindle motor support by removing 5 screws and 3 hex screws. This frees the spindle motor.
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| align="center" | Unscrewed fan
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| align="center" | 3
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| align="center" | Easy
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| align="center" | Phillips Head Screwdriver and Allen Key
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| align="center" | Phillips Screwdriver
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| align="center" |  
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| align="center" | [[Image:DSC00519.jpg|150px]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| align="center" | 9
 
| align="center" | 9
−
| align="center" | Remove the spindle motor, it should slip right out.
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| align="center" | Removed top cover (visual is the console with top cover removed)
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| align="center" | 1
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| align="center" | Easy
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| align="center" | Hands
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| align="center" | None
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| align="center" | [[Image:spindlemotor.jpg|100px]]
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| align="center" | [[Image:DSCF2837.jpg|150px]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| align="center" | 10
 
| align="center" | 10
−
| align="center" | Take the disc tray out
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| align="center" | Unscrewed expansion bay
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| align="center" | 2
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| align="center" | Easy
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| align="center" | Hands
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| align="center" | Phillips Screwdriver
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| align="center" | [[Image:IMG_0035.JPG|100px]]
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| align="center" |  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| align="center" | 11
 
| align="center" | 11
−
| align="center" | Remove the adjusting gear.
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| align="center" | Removed heatsink cover (visual is of exposed heatsink)
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| align="center" | 3
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| align="center" | Easy
−
| align="center" | Hands
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| align="center" | Phillips Screwdriver
−
| align="center" |  
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| align="center" | [[Image:DSC00512.jpg|150px]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| align="center" | 12
 
| align="center" | 12
−
| align="center" | Remove the eject pulley.
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| align="center" | Tried to remove heatsink from heatsink-motherboard assembly, not possible (visual is heatsink and motherboard connected together)
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| align="center" | 3
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| align="center" | Impossible
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| align="center" | Hands
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| align="center" | Phillips Screwdriver
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| align="center" |
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| align="center" | [[Image:DSC00511.jpg|150px]]
−
|-|-
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−
| align="center" | 13
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−
| align="center" | Remove the lift actuator from the internal frame by squeezing the ends of it allowing it to become free.
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−
| align="center" | 2
+
−
| align="center" | Hands
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−
| align="center" |
+
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" | 14
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−
| align="center" | Remove the height adjustor from the internal frame by applying force to it.
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−
| align="center" | 2
+
−
| align="center" | Hands
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−
| align="center" |
+
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" | 15
+
−
| align="center" | Remove the emergency eject mechanism from the internal frame by applying force, it should just pop out.
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−
| align="center" | 2
+
−
| align="center" | Hands
+
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 016.jpg|100px]]
+
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" | 16
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−
| align="center" | Remove the eject motor, headphone jack, and volume control from the top of the internal frame by opening clips that hold them in place. It is helpful to use a thin object such as a pen to help you in this step.
+
−
| align="center" | 3
+
−
| align="center" | Hands and Pen
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−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 019.jpg|100px]]
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|-
 
|-
 
|-
 
|-
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! width="25" | Part Number
 
! width="25" | Part Number
 
! Part Name
 
! Part Name
−
! Width="60" | Quantity of Type
+
! Width="65" | Number of this type
 
! Part Material
 
! Part Material
 
! Manufacturing Process
 
! Manufacturing Process
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|-
 
|-
 
| align="center" | 1
 
| align="center" | 1
−
| align="center" | Bottom Plate
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| align="center" | Case
 
| align="center" | 1
 
| align="center" | 1
−
| align="center" | aluminum  
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| align="center" | aluminum, plastic (charcoal black)
−
| align="center" | stamped
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| align="center" | stamped metal, injection molded plastic
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 005.jpg|100px|Bottom Plate]]
+
| align="center" | [[Image:DSC.jpg|150px|Case]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| align="center" | 2
 
| align="center" | 2
−
| align="center" | Main Circuit Board
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| align="center" | Electrical power supply board
 
| align="center" | 1
 
| align="center" | 1
−
| align="center" | [[FR-4]], steel, copper, various
+
| align="center" | Cooper, polytetrafluoroethylene, aluminum, ceramic, solder
−
| align="center" | printed circuit board ([[PCB]])
+
| align="center" | printed circuit board or silk screen printing
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 007.jpg|100px|Main Circuit Board]]
+
| align="center" | [[Image:DSC00524.jpg|150px|Electrical power supply board]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| align="center" | 3
 
| align="center" | 3
−
| align="center" | Sled Motor
+
| align="center" | Optical Drive
 
| align="center" | 1
 
| align="center" | 1
−
| align="center" | aluminum, steel, copper wire
+
| align="center" | Ceramic glass, plastic (charcoal black), aluminum, rubber (for belts), copper, solder
−
| align="center" | stamped, welded
+
| align="center" | Injection molded plastic, stamped aluminum, machine applied solder, human assembled
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 006.jpg|100px|Sled Motor]]
+
| align="center" | [[Image:DSC00522.jpg|150px|Optical Drive]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| align="center" | 4
 
| align="center" | 4
−
| align="center" | Red Head Drive Interface
+
| align="center" | Fan
 
| align="center" | 1
 
| align="center" | 1
−
| align="center" | plastic
+
| align="center" | ABS plastic, copper, steel
−
| align="center" | cast
+
| align="center" | injections molded plastic,
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 008.jpg|100px|Red Head Drive Interface]]
+
| align="center" | [[Image: DSC00519.jpg |150px|Fan]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| align="center" | 5
 
| align="center" | 5
−
| align="center" | Metal Case
+
| align="center" | Screws
−
| align="center" | 1
+
| align="center" | ~15
−
| align="center" | aluminum
+
| align="center" | Steel
−
| align="center" | stamped
+
| align="center" | Extruded steel is threaded by a lathe
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 009.jpg|100px|Metal Case]]
+
| align="center" | [[Image:Screws.jpg |150px|Several Examples of Screws we Encountered]]
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" | 6
+
−
| align="center" | Red Head Brackets
+
−
| align="center" | 1
+
−
| align="center" | plastic
+
−
| align="center" | cast
+
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 013.jpg|100px|Red Head Brackets]]
+
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" | 7
+
−
| align="center" | Red Head
+
−
| align="center" | 1
+
−
| align="center" | various; metal, glass lens
+
−
| align="center" | mass produced
+
−
| align="center" | [[Image:Project 007.jpg|100px|Red Head]]
+
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" | 8
+
−
| align="center" | Disc Tray
+
−
| align="center" | 1
+
−
| align="center" | plastic
+
−
| align="center" | cast
+
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 001.jpg|100px|Disc Tray]]
+
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" | 9
+
−
| align="center" | Adjusting Gear
+
−
| align="center" | 1
+
−
| align="center" | plastic
+
−
| align="center" | cast
+
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 015.jpg|100px|Adjusting Gear]]
+
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" | 10
+
−
| align="center" | Eject Pulley
+
−
| align="center" | 1
+
−
| align="center" | plastic
+
−
| align="center" | cast
+
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 003.jpg|100px|Eject Pulley]]
+
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" | 11
+
−
| align="center" | Disc Support
+
−
| align="center" | 1
+
−
| align="center" | aluminum, rubber damping
+
−
| align="center" | Stamped
+
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 014.jpg|100px|Disc Support]]
+
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" | 12
+
−
| align="center" | Support Springs
+
−
| align="center" | 1
+
−
| align="center" | Metal
+
−
| align="center" | blank
+
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 031.jpg|100px|Support Springs]]
+
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" | 13
+
−
| align="center" | Spindle Motor
+
−
| align="center" | 1
+
−
| align="center" | steel, aluminum
+
−
| align="center" | mass produced
+
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 017.jpg|100px|Spindle Motor]]
+
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" | 14
+
−
| align="center" | Lift Actuator
+
−
| align="center" | 1
+
−
| align="center" | plastic
+
−
| align="center" | cast
+
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 011.jpg|100px|Lift Actuator]]
+
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" | 15
+
−
| align="center" | Height Adjustor
+
−
| align="center" | 1
+
−
| align="center" | plastic
+
−
| align="center" | cast
+
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project.jpg|100px|Height Adjustor]]
+
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" | 16
+
−
| align="center" | Emergency Eject Mechanism
+
−
| align="center" | 1
+
−
| align="center" | plastic
+
−
| align="center" | cast
+
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 012.jpg|100px|Emergency Eject Mechanism]]
+
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" | 17
+
−
| align="center" | Eject Motor, Volume Control, Headphone Jack
+
−
| align="center" | 1
+
−
| align="center" | FR-4, steel, plastic
+
−
| align="center" | printed circuit board, cast
+
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 018.jpg|100px|Eject Motor, Volume Control, Headphone Jack]]
+
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" | 18
+
−
| align="center" | Internal Frame
+
−
| align="center" | 1
+
−
| align="center" | blank
+
−
| align="center" | Injection Molding
+
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 019.jpg|100px|Internal Frame]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
<BR>
 
−
<BR>
 
−
===Fasteners===
 
−
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" align="center"
 
−
! Type
 
−
! Size (inches)
 
−
! Quantity
 
−
! Purpose
 
−
! Image
 
−
|-
 
−
| align="center" | Phillips Head
 
−
| align="center" | 3/16 x 5/16
 
−
| align="center" | 4
 
−
| align="center" | Holds the bottom plate in place
 
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 004.jpg|100px]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| align="center" | Phillips Head
 
−
| align="center" | 2/16 x 3/16
 
−
| align="center" | 4
 
−
| align="center" | 2 screws hold the sled motor in place
 
−
2 screws hold the red head brackets in place.
 
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 027.jpg|100px]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| align="center" | Phillips Head
 
−
| align="center" | 1.5/16 x 1.5/16
 
−
| align="center" | 1
 
−
| align="center" | Connects the red head drive interface with the red head.
 
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 030.jpg|100px]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| align="center" | Phillips Head
 
−
| align="center" | 3/16 x 8/16
 
−
washer 4/16 diameter
 
−
| align="center" | 2
 
−
| align="center" | Connects the spindle motor support to the internal frame
 
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 032.jpg|100px]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| align="center" | Phillips Head
 
−
| align="center" | 6/16 x 5/16
 
−
| align="center" | 3
 
−
| align="center" | Holds the spindle motor support and spindle motor together
 
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 033.jpg|100px]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| align="center" | Allen Screw
 
−
| align="center" | .0591 x 6/16
 
−
washer 4/16 diameter
 
−
| align="center" | 3
 
−
| align="center" | Holds the spindle motor support and spindle motor together
 
−
| align="center" | [[Image:MAE 277 Project 034.jpg|100px]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|-
 
−
|}
 
−
<BR>
 
  
−
===Part Description===
 
−
'''Bottom Plate:'''
 
−
Provides protection to the delicate interior components.
 
−
<BR>
 
  
−
'''Main Circuit Board:'''
+
===Reasoning for Materials Used for Parts===
−
Relays signals through the system.
+
Record why your group thinks each component was made out of its type of material
−
<BR>
+
*Screws made of metal (steel) because they need to be able to hold the PS2 together, even under stress, with little warping or bending so that they can be easily unscrewed
 +
*Gearing is plastic because it is cheap and easily moldable into a gear shape, metal gears would be more expensive and can withstand way more stress then necessary for a CD-ROM
 +
*Belts in the optical are rubber so that they can easily bend to transfer power between motors and the CD tray
 +
*Heatsink must be metal because metal has a low enough specific heat that it can easily draw heat from the CPU/GPU
 +
*fan must is plastic because it is easy to mold plastic into the blade shapes and a metal fan could be a hazard
  
−
'''Sled Motor:'''
+
===Design Changes===
−
This motor provides motion to the red head assembly, moving it at a constant rate as the disc spins.
+
The PS2 was rather easy to dissemble, aside from the heatsink/motherboard assembly being impossible to separate. It would be better if, rather then permanently connecting the two components together, they were connected with screws
−
<BR>
+
  
−
'''Red Head Drive Interface:'''
 
−
This interface connects to the red head assembly and fits into grooves located on the sled motor. There are 2 notches on the interface that fit into the grooves, as the sled motor rotates it now moves the red head assembly through this interface.
 
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
−
 
−
'''Metal Case:'''
 
−
The metal case is the rest of the exterior that provides protection for the interior components.
 
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
−
 
+
===Component Functions===
−
'''Red Head Brackets:'''
+
'''Case:'''
−
The brackets hold the red head tracks in place. The red head assembly can now move on its tracks.
+
to enclose and keep all the components of the PlayStation 2 system safe and organized.
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
  
−
'''Red Head:'''
+
''' Hard Drive:'''
−
The red head houses the laser, photosensor, and various lenses. The laser is focused through lenses and onto the disc. The laser is responsible for reading the data from the disc and the photosensor it responsible for recieving the data.
+
To store information from the PS2.
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
  
−
'''Disc Tray:'''
+
''' Power supply board:'''
−
The disc tray holds the disc as it is placed into the drive and ejected from the drive. It is made to fit the standard disc diameter of 120mm or 4.28in.
+
To properly distribute all electrical energy entering the system
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
  
−
'''Adjusting Gear:'''
+
''' Motherboard:'''
−
It moves the height adjustor left to right. During the motion it lowers or raises the lift actuator which in turn lowers or raises the spindle motor support.
+
To control and synergize all the logical and computational parts of the PS2
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
  
−
'''Eject Pulley:'''
+
'''CD-ROM Drive:'''
−
Connects to a belt, it ejects and returns the disc tray.
+
To read data from CD-ROMs and to send the data to the motherboard
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
  
−
'''Spindle Motor Support:'''
+
'''Fan:'''
−
This support houses the disc motor when assembled. It contains rubber dampers to provide cushioning for the motor when it moves up and down as a disc is inserted or ejected. It also houses 2 springs that provide support and cushioning.
+
To cool the system
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
  
−
'''Support Springs:'''
+
'''Heatsink:'''
−
These are located inbetween the spindle motor support. They provide support and cushioning for the spindle motor.
+
To remove heat from the CPU/GPU
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
−
 
−
'''Spindle Motor:'''
 
−
The spindle motor provides motion to the disc. The motor lowers when the disc is ejected and rises as a disc is inserted, landing in the center of the disc. The motor has grooves carved into the top which grab the disc as it rotates. The motor rotates with speeds from 200-500rpm.
 
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
  
−
'''Lift Actuator:'''
+
===CAD Models of Selected Components===
−
The light actuator is responsible for lowering and raising the spindle motor support. It follows a track provided by the height adjustor.
+
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
  
−
'''Height Adjustor:'''
+
'''Major Components:'''
−
The height adjustor provides a track for the lift actuator to travel when lowered or raised. It has grooves on top to provide a way to lock it in place or to release it. It is raised and lowered using the grooves located on top of the height adjustor.
+
−
<BR>
+
  
−
'''Emergency Eject Mechanism:'''
+
*'''Complete PlayStation 2'''
−
This mechanism is a way to retrieve your disc if complete failure or a power outage occurs. There is a small hole in the front of the drive, where a small rod or paper clip can be inserted. When inserted far enough it triggers the mechanism to eject the disc tray. The tray is now free and can be pulled out with little effort.
+
−
<BR>
+
  
−
'''Eject Motor, Volume Control, Headphone Jack:'''
 
−
The eject motor is responsible for ejecting and inserting the disc tray. The volume control is in the form of a wheel, it can be turned either way producing a louder or quieter sound. The headphone jack is a small opening in the front of the drive. A set of headphones can be plugged into the drive to isolate the sound to the headphones.
 
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 +
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" align="center"
 +
! Type of View
 +
! Picture
 +
|-
 +
| align="center" | Perspective
 +
| [[Image:Playstation2 (2).jpg|250px]]
 +
|-
 +
| align="center" | Front View
 +
| [[Image:Playstation2 frontjpg.jpg|250px]]
 +
|-
 +
| align="center" | Top View
 +
| [[Image:Playstation2 top.jpg|250px]]
 +
|-
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 +
 +
'''PlayStation 2:'''
 +
This is the complete PlayStation 2 assembly with all the components inside. This is how the PlayStation 2 would look like fresh out of the box
 +
 +
'''AutoCAD file Archive'''
 +
[http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki-data/images/8/81/Playstation2_%282%29.zip PlayStation 2 ZIP]
  
−
'''Internal Frame:'''
 
−
The internal frame is essentially the chassis of the entire drive. Everything is connected to the internal frame as it provides structure for the drive.
 
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
  
−
===3D CAD Models===
+
*'''Top Case'''
−
<BR>
+
−
 
+
−
'''Major Components:'''
+
  
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" align="center"
 
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" align="center"
−
! Side View
+
! Type of View
−
! Angled View
+
! Picture
−
! Top View
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Image:CAD2.jpg|250px]]
+
| align="center" | Top Perspective
−
| [[Image:CAD1.JPG|250px]]
+
| [[Image:Perspective1.jpg|250px]]
−
| [[Image:CAD4.jpg|250px]]
+
|-
 +
| align="center" | Bottom Perspective
 +
| [[Image:Bottom7.jpg|250px]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
'''Spindle Motor:'''
+
 
−
The spindle motor is essential to the drive. The spindle motor support which houses the spindle motor lowers with the help of the hieght adjustor and the lift actuator. The lift actuator slides down through the groove in the height adjustor, which in turn lowers the spindle motor. The disc is now able to be inserted into the drive with no obstructions. The spindle motor support is now raised with the help of the same mechanisms. The spindle motor is now in the center of the disc and will spin it when the energy is provided. The spindle motor runs between 200 and 500 rpm depending on the location of the red head on the disc.  
+
'''Top Case:'''
 +
This top case keeps the system in one piece and provides a barrier between the internal (and fragile) components of the PS2
 +
 
 +
'''AutoCAD file Archive'''
 +
[http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki-data/images/2/2f/MAE_277_ps2_case.zip PlayStation 2 Case ZIP]
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 +
 +
*'''Optical Drive Reset/Eject Button'''
 +
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" align="center"
 
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" align="center"
−
! Side View
+
! Type of View
−
! Angled View
+
! Picture
−
! Top View
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Image:sledmotor.jpg|250px]]
+
| align="center" | Perspective
−
| [[Image:sledmotor1.jpg|250px]]
+
| [[Image:Untitled-1.jpg|250px]]
−
| [[Image:sledmotor2.jpg|250px]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
'''Sled Motor:'''
+
 
−
The sled motor provides a constant rate of motion for the red head. The sled motor has a series of spiral grooves in which the red head drive interface is connected. The red head drive interface is connected to the red head. As the motor turns the spiral grooves, it provides motion to the drive interface which moves the red head.
+
'''Optical Drive Reset/Eject Button:'''
 +
This user interface assembly has a reset and eject button on it for the user to control the PS2 optical drive function. This button allows the user to (a) switch the optical disks in the drive or (b) to reset the system in the even or a crash or if it freezes
 +
 
 +
'''AutoCAD file Archive'''
 +
[http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki-data/images/f/f9/Reset_eject.zip PlayStation 2 Reset/Eject Button ZIP]
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 +
<BR>
 +
 +
*'''Power Switch'''
 +
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" align="center"
 
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" align="center"
−
! Side View
+
! Type of View
−
! Angled View
+
! Picture
−
! Top View
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Image:frontview.jpg|250px]]
+
| align="center" | Perspective
−
| [[Image:redhead.jpg|250px]]
+
| [[Image:Power Switch.jpg|250px]]
−
| [[Image:redheadtop.jpg|250px]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
|-
 
|-
−
|}
+
| align="center" | Front
−
 
+
| [[Image:Power Switch front.jpg|250px]]
−
'''Red Head:'''
+
−
The red head contains the laser, lenses, and photo sensors. The laser beam is focused through the lenses to read the lands and pits on the CD. The red head is installed on a set of rods(tracks) and is provided motion from the sled motor.
+
−
<BR>
+
−
<BR>
+
−
 
+
−
'''Assembled in Sequence:'''
+
−
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" align="center"
+
−
! Part Name
+
−
! 3D CAD Diagram
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
| align="center" | Support Springs
 
−
| align="center" | [[Image:Springs.jpg|250px]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| align="center" | Spindle Motor
+
| align="center" | Back Perspective
−
| align="center" | [[Image:Spindle.jpg|250px]]
+
| [[Image:Power Switch Back Pre.jpg|250px]]
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" | Spindle Motor Support
+
−
| align="center" | [[Image:motorsupport3d.jpg|250px]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
 +
'''Power Switch:'''
 +
This power switch is on the back of the PS2 and it is the first step a user must take to use their PS2. This power switch is what allows the electricity from the wall socket to enter the PS2 and run the components
 +
 +
'''AutoCAD file Archive'''
 +
[http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki-data/images/3/37/Switch.zip Power Switch]
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
−
The spindle motor is placed onto the support springs, the spindle motor support is the placed on the other side and all parts are fastened together.
+
 
 +
*'''Expansion Bay Cover'''
 +
 
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
−
==Assembly Procedure==
 
 
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" align="center"
 
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" align="center"
−
! Step
+
! Type of View
−
! Process
+
! Picture
−
! Difficulty(1-5) 
+
−
5 being the hardest
+
−
! Tools Required
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
| align="center" | 1
+
| align="center" | Perspective
−
| align="center" | Place adjusting gear and eject pulley in slots on the top of the internal frame
+
| [[Image:Expansion Bay.jpg|250px]]
−
| align="center" | 1
+
−
| align="center" | Hands
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
| align="center" | 2
 
−
| align="center" | Connect height adjustor to adjusting gear and the emergency eject mechanism
 
−
| align="center" | 1
 
−
| align="center" | Hands
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| align="center" | 3
+
| align="center" | Back Perspective
−
| align="center" | Connect the lift actuator to the internal frame and connect it to height adjustor.
+
| [[Image:Expansion Bay Back.jpg|250px]]
−
| align="center" | 2
+
−
| align="center" | Hands
+
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" | 4
+
−
| align="center" | Reassemble the pieces of the spindle motor support. Placing the spindle motor and support springs between the support.
+
−
| align="center" | 2
+
−
| align="center" | Phillips head screw driver
+
−
Allen Key
+
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" | 5
+
−
| align="center" | Attach the spindle motor support to the internal frame and connect it to the lift actuator
+
−
| align="center" | 2
+
−
| align="center" | Phillips head screw driver
+
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" |6
+
−
| align="center" |Connect eject motor/ volume control/headphone jack to bottom of the frame, along with the main circuit board. Then connect the different power components to the main circuit board.
+
−
| align="center" |3
+
−
| align="center" |Phillips head screw driver and Hands
+
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" |7
+
−
| align="center" |Slide the disc tray in place
+
−
| align="center" |3
+
−
| align="center" |Hands
+
−
|-
+
−
| align="center" |8
+
−
| align="center" |The bottom plate and metal case were both screwed on to complete the assembly
+
−
| align="center" |1
+
−
| align="center" |Phillips head screw driver
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
<BR>
 
−
<BR>
 
  
−
===Assembly Video===
 
−
<embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/_r_ifyYJfb0&hl=en&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed>
 
  
−
==After Assembly==
+
'''Expansion Bay Cover:'''
−
<BR>
+
This is the cover to the expansion bay that hold the optional external hard drive of the PS2
−
'''Does it still work?'''
+
 
−
<BR>
+
'''AutoCAD file Archive'''
−
Our product still does not work after assembly. The product did not operate properly before disassembly nor were we able to connect it to a computer interface to test it. We were able to fix the emergency eject feature, it is now functioning properly.
+
[http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki-data/images/1/1b/Expansion_Bay.zip Expansion Bay]
−
<BR>
+
−
===Reflection===
+
−
'''Reflection on Assembly/Disassembly'''
+
−
<BR>
+
−
*The reassembly process was not a mirror process, but very well could have been. There are several steps that can be interchanged with no reprocussions. We used the same sets of tools during reassembly as in disassembly.
+
−
*In contrast, reassembly was very straightforward. Since we knew where all the pieces went, it was an easy reassembly. Altogether it took less than 40 minutes.
+
−
*Careful documentation led to an easy assembly and identification of parts.
+
−
*We did not dissect any of the complicated internal components such as the motors, red head, and computer chips. These have very small and fragile parts within them, which would make them very difficult to dissect.
+
−
*Very little problems were encountered during the assembly and disassembly. Very small hex screws were hard to remove due to their small size. The emergency eject did not operate correctly but it proved to be an easy fix being a spring clip was just out of place. The last problem we encountered was plugging the ribbon wires back into the main computer chip, there is a small area to work in and requires precision.
+
−
<BR>
+
−
===How it Works===
+
−
The [[CD-R\RW]] drive works in a general sense by converting electrical [[energy]] into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy is used first to load the disc tray into the frame, then to spin the disc at a variable [[angular velocity]] so as to obtain a constant bit rate. This is due to the angular velocity being greater at the outer edge of the disc than at the inner edge. The device must also simultaneously transfer the rotational motion of the laser motor into a linear path from the innermost edge of the disc to the outer edge while the laser is scanning the disc. This is an interesting mechanism and can be seen below. It utilizes a spiral engraved shaft to transmit motion to a plastic interface component that carries the laser the needed distance, at a predetermined rate. The device then uses several feedback mechanisms and circuitry to convert the laser information which is a measured voltage difference into binary coded data and exports it through the use of a parallel [[ATA]]-type communication link. The data can then be processed by software programs intended for the purpose of multi-media type data interpreting.
+
−
<BR>
+
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
  
−
'''This animation shows how the disc is read and how the data is interpreted'''
+
==Assembly Procedure==
−
<BR>
+
  
−
<embed src="http://static.howstuffworks.com/flash/cd-read.swf" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="440" height="150"></embed>
+
It would be redundant to write the assembly procedure because it is ''exactly'' the reverse of the disassembly. The reassembly was harder though, since we had to figure out where all the parts went and exactly how they fit together
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
  
−
'''This animation shows how the laser tracks across the disc and how the motor changes rpm'''
+
==After Assembly==
−
<BR>
+
−
 
+
−
<embed src="http://static.howstuffworks.com/flash/cd-drive.swf" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="400" height="300"></embed>
+
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 +
'''Functionality'''
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 +
The product never functioned to begin with and we never managed to fix it because of a [http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/Image:DSC00530.jpg ripped data cable], something we could not mend with the limited tools we had. Our predictions on how the product works were correct since we did research prior to disassembling the product; therefore, our understanding of the product's workings is unchanged.
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
  
−
===Engineering Models===
+
'''Engineering Models''''
−
'''Stress/Strain:'''
+
*'''Load Testing/Stress Model:'''
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
−
A stress/strain model needs to be considered for all moving or load bearing parts. The sled motor in our case is constantly under stress and strain. It has to be able to move the red head assembly numerous amounts of times in its life cycle. The interface that connects the sled motor and red head is also under stress and strain. There is a force placed on it every time it signaled to move the red head. Stress and strain models need to be evaluated to ensure it will meet its physical expectancy when being operated. This could entail both fatigue models and static failure ones, although the product is more likely to fail from fatigue loading than static loads as that is the nature of its operation.
+
Because during normal usage of the PS2 the consumer might drop something on the device, or during shipping the device might be dropped or put under pressure, the engineer who designed it must have considered some of these scenarios when designing the structure of the PS2. They would have had to model how the PS2 behaves when it is put under mechanical stress that torques, compresses, tenses, or bends the materials of the PS2 to ensure it can survive such conditions.
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
  
−
'''Thermodynamic:'''
+
'''Heat Management Model:'''
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
−
A thermal model is needed to evaluate the amount of heat generated by the drive during operation. This is necessary because the internal components need to be able to perform during this heat and survive the heat output. This is also important for this product because it sits inside of a computer tower, where other vital components lay. Engineers have to develop this model to ensure the longevity and efficiency of the components and safety of the consumer.
+
Because, as mentioned before, a lot of the components in the PS2 generate a substation amount of heat, that if left unmanaged could be very damaging to the PS2, there needs to be some sort of model that takes in to account how each components generates heat and where the heat goes. Once the engineers know how the heat in the PS2 behaves they can get up heatsinks and fans to dissipate it and keep the PS2 running smoothly
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
 
<BR>
  
−
===Energy Transfered===
+
===Assembly/Disassembly Notes===
−
'''Electrical Energy:''' Electrical energy is transfered to the drive from an ordinary household eletric supply.
+
The assembly/disassembly were reverses of each other since there were not parts that were spring-based which had to be set once the product was reassembled. Also, because of the stratified nature of the product, the assembly/disassembly were easier. We were able to reassemble the product to the point that it was prior to us disassembling it.
−
<BR>
+
 
−
'''Rotational Energy:''' Rotational enery is transfered when power is supplied to the spindle motor, thus creating rotation.
+
−
<BR>
+
−
'''Thermal Energy:''' Created by friction due to moving parts, such as the red head and the spindle motor.
+
−
<BR>
+
−
<BR>
+
−
===Types of Materials===
+
−
# Plastic
+
−
# Silicone
+
−
# Metal
+
−
# Copper
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# Rubber
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# Aluminum
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# Steel
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===Recommended Design Changes/Improvements===
 
===Recommended Design Changes/Improvements===
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Overall this product was very well designed. The only improvement we could suggest at the time of production is removing the pulley system and replacing it with a set of gears. We suggest this because upon recieving the drive the pulley belt was missing, which would cause the product to malfunction. If this belt was replaced with a set of gears this problem could be averted all together. The drive was very well put together and designed.
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As mentioned before, the only real changes the group thinks should be made to the PS2 is that the motherboard/heatsink be separable. Sony had made several changes to the PS2 design to make the product appealing to a larger audience:
 +
*Slim version (thinner/smaller then original PS2)
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*flip-up optical disk
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In addition to that the PS2 is rapidly becoming obsolete because of the PS3, X-Box 360, and Nintendo Wii
 
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===Conclusion Remarks===
 
  
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The product dissection of the Hitachi CD-R/RW-Drive was successful and informative. Much was learned from examining the various systems of the product and how they interact with one another. Working with a team of engineering students to gain insight into a real world design scenario is essential to the field's future success and growth. We hope this page will serve as both a learning tool and an information resource for any who are interested.
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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*Elton, M. (2006). How DVD and CD Drives Work. Scribd. Retrieved October 10th, 2008, from http://www.scribd.com/doc/596/How-DVD-and-CD-Drives-Work
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*Central processing unit. (December 3, 2008). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved Dec 3, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU
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+
  
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*Byte, U. (2008). Compact Disk. USByte. Retrieved October 15th, 2008 from http://www.usbyte.com/common/compact_disk_4.htm
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*Graphics processing unit. (December 3, 2008). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved Dec 3, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit
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*PlayStation 2. (December 1, 2008). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved Dec 1, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_2
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*PlayStation 2 Technical Specifications. PCVS-console. Retrieved Nov 28, 2008, from http://www.pcvsconsole.com/features/consoles/playstation2.php
  
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*Sweet, M. (n.d.). How DVD Drives Work. Smart Computing. Retrieved October 20th, from http://www.smartcomputing.com/articles/archive/r0403/08r03/08r03.pdf
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*PlayStation 2 Technical Specifications. Milestone Interactive. Retrieved Nov 28, 2008, from http://www.milestoneinteractive.com/Technical%20Spec%20PS2.pdf

Latest revision as of 00:46, 8 December 2008

The Sony PlayStation 2

Contents

Executive Summary

The objective of this guided investigation was for our group, Group 24, to look into the assembly, function, manufacturing, and materials of the PlayStation 2 gaming console via analytical dissection. The PlayStation 2 is a popular gaming console meant for the household. The group carefully recorded the investigation: we did a visual pre-dissection analysis, dissected the product and then reassembled it. Our pre-dissection analysis consisted of taking pictures of the PS2 we received and guessing as to the nature of the operation of the console, all the while recording our observations; since the console was not functional when we received it we continued on to the dissection. The disassembly was fast and easy due to the group taking a methodological and efficient approach to the task: we took pictures of each step, organized loose parts and made a written record of each step. During the dissection we paid close attention to the connections between the components and how they interact with each other. Post-disassembly consisted of the group investigating each part individually to uncover its function. Despite the cataloging of part and methodological dissection the reassembly was slightly difficult because of the amount of task of remembering how everything went together.

Introduction

Sony PlayStation 2 Technical Specifications

  • Manufacturer: Sony Computer Entertainment
  • Product Name: Sony PlayStation 2 “Charcoal Black”
  • Product Code: SCPH-70000 CB
  • Compatible Media formats:
    • PlayStation® format CD-ROM
    • PlayStation®2 format CD-ROM
    • PlayStation®2 format DVD-ROM
    • Audio CD
    • DVD-Video
    • DVD-RW (VR mode)
  • Power requirements: 120 V AC, 60 Hz
  • CPU: 64-bit "Emotion Engine", clocked at 294.912 MHz
  • GPU: "Graphics Synthesizer", clocked at 147 MHz


The advent of video games has exploded into everyday life, first in arcade rooms, and then into the consumers homes, all thanks to consoles and computers. Where else can one experience the surreal and awe-inspiring visuals, plots, and all out entertainment of video games? The PlayStation 2 is a powerful graphics processing unit for the consumer that, because of its multi-media reading capabilities, allows consumers and corporate providers amazing flexibility in what the console can be used for (not just games: the console can play movies from DVD's and CD's because of its multifunctional integrated optical drive).

Group Members and Tasks

  • Nathan Boyar - Group leader, oral presentation, made/researched charts and pictures for group PowerPoint
  • Mike Chi - CAD model of power switch, made group PowerPoint presentation
  • Ron Heichman - wikipage and written material, documented dissection
  • Andrew Tomaschke - CAD model of console cover, lead mechanical dissection, made a second dissection
  • Ethan Ulm - CAD model of reset/eject button, lead mechanical dissection

Before Disassembly


Purpose

The Sony PlayStation 2 gaming console is a video gaming entertainment console for the home. The main purpose of the PS2 is to provide the user with an interactive arcade-style experience in the comfort of their home at a lump sum cost, rather then the continuous spending that would be associated with arcade playing. The PS2 works by reading game data from an optical disk, converting this read only memory to functional RAM and then processing this game information in a GPU (graphics processing unit). The RAM, GPU information and any input from the user via the PS2 game controller are then processed in what is called an “Emotion” Engine. The Emotion Engine assimilates all the information from the 3 system processes into what you see on the screen. This whole process is the only computational part of the PS2; all other processes are “support” processes. Because the electrical components in the parts of the PS2 generate heat due to their natural electrical resistivity, the heat sink must dissipate the heat from the CPU/GPU (motherboard) and then the internal fan must circulate this hot air to the outside, so that the cooling can occur continuously and keep the electrical components at a temperature low enough so that they function at optimal performance levels.


Energy Usage and Conversion

Many types of energy are used and converted in the PS2: This all starts with the mechanical energy the user provides to complete the power-on circuit. This circuit now allows the electrical current from the wall socket to permeate the electrical components of the system. The electrical energy is converted into:

  • In the CPU the electrical energy is transmitted to the transistors to perform logical operations and as a result of the resistive nature of the components of the CPU, the electrical energy is partially transformed into (useless) heat energy
  • The fan converts the electrical energy into magnetic energy in its motor which is converted into rotational energy to dissipate the heat from the heat sink to the environment (a temperature low reservoir)
  • The optical reader converts the electrical energy to magnetic energy; this energy is used spin the optical disk by way of a motor (rotational energy). LASER head then reads the disk. The LASER head uses several types of energy: energy to move the head on its slides and energy for the motor to spin the gears to move it. The rest of the electric energy to the LASER is used as light energy for its laser. When the laser bounces off the optical disk it is converted back to electrical impulses which are read as data by the processor
  • The mechanical energy the user transfers to the controller via the buttons is converted into electrical impulses which are transferred to the CPU for analysis
  • The user’s mechanical energy gets converted by the “eject” button on the optical drive into an electrical impulse. The electrical impulse is converted into magnetic energy, this mechanical energy is used to spin a motor (rotational energy), and the motor then moves the tray (kinetic energy)

Operation

When we tried to operate the product it did not function and did not even turn on, we assumed it did not function because of some electrical system failure since the green light in the front did not blink or turn on

Constituent Components and Materials

We think that the product has about 5 main functional parts:

  • the GPU and CPU (part of the motherboard)
  • the heat sink
  • the fan
  • Optical drive

From what we can see, the product is made of metal (aluminum), plastic (most likely Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), which is oft used for electronic enclosures), Copper (for the wires), solder, steel (for screws), and gold (for the connector plating)

Disassembly Procedure

Step # Process Difficulty Tool Needed Visual
1 Removed screw covers on bottom of PS2 (Slots highlighted green in visual) Easy None DSCF2814.JPG
2 Removed Screws under screw covers (visual of screws and covers in bowl) Easy Phillips Screwdriver DSCF2817.JPG
3 Removed console top (visual is console adjacent top) Easy Phillips Screwdriver DSC00506.JPG
4 Unplugged data cable from assembly (visual is disconnected power cable) Easy None DSC00509.jpg
5 Unscrewed optical drive (visual is optical drive outside of console) Easy Phillips Screwdriver DSC00522.jpg
6 Unplugged power switch from console and removed it (visual is power switch held by group member) Easy None DSCF2821.jpg
7 Unscrewed Power supply main board Easy Phillips Screwdriver DSC00524.jpg
8 Unscrewed fan Easy Phillips Screwdriver DSC00519.jpg
9 Removed top cover (visual is the console with top cover removed) Easy None DSCF2837.jpg
10 Unscrewed expansion bay Easy Phillips Screwdriver
11 Removed heatsink cover (visual is of exposed heatsink) Easy Phillips Screwdriver DSC00512.jpg
12 Tried to remove heatsink from heatsink-motherboard assembly, not possible (visual is heatsink and motherboard connected together) Impossible Phillips Screwdriver DSC00511.jpg




After Disassembly



Component Table

Part Number Part Name Number of this type Part Material Manufacturing Process Image of Part
1 Case 1 aluminum, plastic (charcoal black) stamped metal, injection molded plastic Case
2 Electrical power supply board 1 Cooper, polytetrafluoroethylene, aluminum, ceramic, solder printed circuit board or silk screen printing Electrical power supply board
3 Optical Drive 1 Ceramic glass, plastic (charcoal black), aluminum, rubber (for belts), copper, solder Injection molded plastic, stamped aluminum, machine applied solder, human assembled Optical Drive
4 Fan 1 ABS plastic, copper, steel injections molded plastic, Fan
5 Screws ~15 Steel Extruded steel is threaded by a lathe Several Examples of Screws we Encountered


Reasoning for Materials Used for Parts

Record why your group thinks each component was made out of its type of material

  • Screws made of metal (steel) because they need to be able to hold the PS2 together, even under stress, with little warping or bending so that they can be easily unscrewed
  • Gearing is plastic because it is cheap and easily moldable into a gear shape, metal gears would be more expensive and can withstand way more stress then necessary for a CD-ROM
  • Belts in the optical are rubber so that they can easily bend to transfer power between motors and the CD tray
  • Heatsink must be metal because metal has a low enough specific heat that it can easily draw heat from the CPU/GPU
  • fan must is plastic because it is easy to mold plastic into the blade shapes and a metal fan could be a hazard

Design Changes

The PS2 was rather easy to dissemble, aside from the heatsink/motherboard assembly being impossible to separate. It would be better if, rather then permanently connecting the two components together, they were connected with screws



Component Functions

Case: to enclose and keep all the components of the PlayStation 2 system safe and organized.

Hard Drive: To store information from the PS2.

Power supply board: To properly distribute all electrical energy entering the system

Motherboard: To control and synergize all the logical and computational parts of the PS2

CD-ROM Drive: To read data from CD-ROMs and to send the data to the motherboard

Fan: To cool the system

Heatsink: To remove heat from the CPU/GPU

CAD Models of Selected Components


Major Components:

  • Complete PlayStation 2


Type of View Picture
Perspective Playstation2 (2).jpg
Front View Playstation2 frontjpg.jpg
Top View Playstation2 top.jpg


PlayStation 2: This is the complete PlayStation 2 assembly with all the components inside. This is how the PlayStation 2 would look like fresh out of the box

AutoCAD file Archive PlayStation 2 ZIP




  • Top Case


Type of View Picture
Top Perspective Perspective1.jpg
Bottom Perspective Bottom7.jpg


Top Case: This top case keeps the system in one piece and provides a barrier between the internal (and fragile) components of the PS2

AutoCAD file Archive PlayStation 2 Case ZIP

  • Optical Drive Reset/Eject Button


Type of View Picture
Perspective Untitled-1.jpg


Optical Drive Reset/Eject Button: This user interface assembly has a reset and eject button on it for the user to control the PS2 optical drive function. This button allows the user to (a) switch the optical disks in the drive or (b) to reset the system in the even or a crash or if it freezes

AutoCAD file Archive PlayStation 2 Reset/Eject Button ZIP

  • Power Switch


Type of View Picture
Perspective Power Switch.jpg
Front Power Switch front.jpg
Back Perspective Power Switch Back Pre.jpg


Power Switch: This power switch is on the back of the PS2 and it is the first step a user must take to use their PS2. This power switch is what allows the electricity from the wall socket to enter the PS2 and run the components

AutoCAD file Archive Power Switch

  • Expansion Bay Cover


Type of View Picture
Perspective Expansion Bay.jpg
Back Perspective Expansion Bay Back.jpg


Expansion Bay Cover: This is the cover to the expansion bay that hold the optional external hard drive of the PS2

AutoCAD file Archive Expansion Bay

Assembly Procedure

It would be redundant to write the assembly procedure because it is exactly the reverse of the disassembly. The reassembly was harder though, since we had to figure out where all the parts went and exactly how they fit together

After Assembly


Functionality
The product never functioned to begin with and we never managed to fix it because of a ripped data cable, something we could not mend with the limited tools we had. Our predictions on how the product works were correct since we did research prior to disassembling the product; therefore, our understanding of the product's workings is unchanged.

Engineering Models'

  • Load Testing/Stress Model:


Because during normal usage of the PS2 the consumer might drop something on the device, or during shipping the device might be dropped or put under pressure, the engineer who designed it must have considered some of these scenarios when designing the structure of the PS2. They would have had to model how the PS2 behaves when it is put under mechanical stress that torques, compresses, tenses, or bends the materials of the PS2 to ensure it can survive such conditions.

Heat Management Model:
Because, as mentioned before, a lot of the components in the PS2 generate a substation amount of heat, that if left unmanaged could be very damaging to the PS2, there needs to be some sort of model that takes in to account how each components generates heat and where the heat goes. Once the engineers know how the heat in the PS2 behaves they can get up heatsinks and fans to dissipate it and keep the PS2 running smoothly


Assembly/Disassembly Notes

The assembly/disassembly were reverses of each other since there were not parts that were spring-based which had to be set once the product was reassembled. Also, because of the stratified nature of the product, the assembly/disassembly were easier. We were able to reassemble the product to the point that it was prior to us disassembling it.

Recommended Design Changes/Improvements

As mentioned before, the only real changes the group thinks should be made to the PS2 is that the motherboard/heatsink be separable. Sony had made several changes to the PS2 design to make the product appealing to a larger audience:

  • Slim version (thinner/smaller then original PS2)
  • flip-up optical disk

In addition to that the PS2 is rapidly becoming obsolete because of the PS3, X-Box 360, and Nintendo Wii


References

Retrieved from "http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki-data/index.php?title=Group_24_-_Playstation_2&oldid=23909"
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