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| | == Introduction == | | == Introduction == |
| | + | |
| | We are a group of five students in MAE 277, Intro to Mechanical Engineering. This semester we have been given a reverse engineering project based on an assigned product. Through detailed dissection, analysis, and reassembly we have put together this report in summary of our work with the Beginner Cruiser Motorcycle. This bike is as small, gas powered, cruiser inspired, recreational motorcycle. | | We are a group of five students in MAE 277, Intro to Mechanical Engineering. This semester we have been given a reverse engineering project based on an assigned product. Through detailed dissection, analysis, and reassembly we have put together this report in summary of our work with the Beginner Cruiser Motorcycle. This bike is as small, gas powered, cruiser inspired, recreational motorcycle. |
| − | [[Image:bike.jpg|thumb|alt=Puzzle globe logo|Beginner Cruiser Motorcycle]]
| |
| | | | |
| − | [http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/Group_21_-_Beginner_Cruiser_Motorcycle_-_Request_for_Proposal Request for Proposal]
| + | ==Executive Summary== |
| | | | |
| − | [http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/Group_21_-_Beginner_Cruiser_Motorcycle_-_Preliminary_Design_Review Preliminary Design Review]
| + | We completed the reverse engineering analysis of the Beginner Cruiser Motorcycle successfully with a full disassembly and reassembly. While the project was difficult and required much hard work, we are exited about what we have learned as well as the information we are presenting here about our product. |
| | | | |
| − | [http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/Group_21_-_Beginner_Cruiser_Motorcycle_-_Coordination_Review Coordination Review] | + | [[Image:bike.jpg|thumb|alt=Puzzle globe logo|Beginner Cruiser Motorcycle]] |
| | + | '''Request for Proposal''' |
| | | | |
| | + | [http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/Group_21_-_Beginner_Cruiser_Motorcycle_-_Request_for_Proposal Request for Proposal] |
| | + | *Outline of our goals for the project, our deadlines, meeting schedules, and collaboration with Group 21. |
| | + | *Introducing Group Members and their background experience. |
| | + | *Initial evaluation and general inferences about the product. |
| | | | |
| − | == COORDINATION REVIEW ==
| |
| − | ===Engine Component Summary===
| |
| − | ====Component Summary Chart:====
| |
| − | {| class="wikitable" border="1"
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! Component
| |
| − | ! Number of Component
| |
| − | ! Material Used
| |
| − | ! Manufacturing Method
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |colspan="1" align="center"| Engine Block
| |
| − | | align="center"| 1
| |
| − | | Stell
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| − | | Cast and Machined
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan="1" align="center"| Clutch (shown in 3D rendering)
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| − | |align="center"| 1
| |
| − | | Steel
| |
| − | | Cast, Machined, and Welded
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan="1" align="center"| Clutch Bracket Plate
| |
| − | |align="center"| 1
| |
| − | | Steel
| |
| − | | Stamped, Bent, and Welded
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan="1" align="center"| Sprocket
| |
| − | |align="center"|2
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| − | |Steel
| |
| − | |Machined
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan="1" align="center"| Chain
| |
| − | | align="center"|2
| |
| − | | Steel
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| − | | Stamped and Machined
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| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan="1" align="center"|Pull Start
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| − | | align="center"|1
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| − | | Plastic
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| − | | Injection Molding
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="1" align="center"| Flywheel Cover
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| − | |align="center"| 1
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| − | | Aluminum
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| − | | Stamped
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| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan="1" align="center"|Flywheel
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| − | |align="center"|1
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| − | |Steel
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| − | |Die Casting
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="1" align="center"| Flywheel Blades
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| − | | align="center"| 1
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| − | | Plastic
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| − | | Injection Molding
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| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan="1" align="center"| Air Filter Cover
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| − | | align="center"| 1
| |
| − | | Plastic
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| − | | Injection Molding
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="1" align="center"| Air Filter Base
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| − | | align="center"|1
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| − | | Plastic
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| − | | Injection Molding
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| − | |-
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| − | | COLSPAN="1" align="center"| Gas Tank
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| − | | align="center"| 1
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| − | | Aluminum
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| − | | Stamped, Fold-Clamped
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="1" align="center"| Heat Plate
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| − | | align="center"| 1
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| − | | Aluminum
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| − | | Stamped
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="1" align="center"| Exhaust Cover
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| − | | align="center"| 1
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| − | | Aluminum
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| − | | Stamped and Pressed
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="1" align="center"| Muffler and Exhaust Pipe
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| − | | align="center"| 1
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| − | | Aluminum
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| − | | Stamped, Pressed, and Welded
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="1" align="center"| Throttle
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| − | | align="center"| 1
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| − | | Aluminum
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| − | | Die Casting and Pressed
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="1" align="center"| Carburetor Cover
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| − | | align="center"| 1
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| − | | Plastic
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| − | | Injection Molding
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="1" align="center" | Carburetor
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| − | | align="center"| 2
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| − | | Aluminum
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| − | | Die Casting
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="1" align="center"| Spark Plug
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| − | | align="center"| 1
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| − | | Ceramic/Resin, Steel, and Nickel
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| − | | Resin Injection and Machining
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="1" align="center"| Head Cover
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| − | | align="center"| 1
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| − | | Aluminum
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| − | | Pressed and Stamped
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="1" align="center" | Rocker Arm
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| − | | align="center"| 2
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| − | | Carbon Steel
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| − | | Die Cast
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="1" align="center" | Push Rod
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| − | | align="center"| 2
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| − | | Aluminum
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| − | | Machined
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="1" align="center"| Valve Spring
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| − | | align="center"| 2
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| − | | Steel
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| − | | Oil Tempered
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="1" align="center"| Valve
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| − | | align="center"| 2
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| − | | Aluminum
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| − | | Machined
| |
| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="1" align="center" | Head
| |
| − | | align="center"| 1
| |
| − | | Steel
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| − | | Die Cast and Machined
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="1" align="center" | Piston
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| − | | align="center"| 1
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| − | | Aluminum
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| − | | Machined
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| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan="1" align="center"| Connecting Rod
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| − | | align="center"| 1
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| − | | Steel
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| − | | Cast and Machined
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="1" align="center"| Cam
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| − | | align="center"| 1
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| − | | Steel
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| − | | Die Cast
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="1" align="center" | Drive Shaft
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| − | | align="center"| 1
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| − | | Steel
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| − | | Machined
| |
| − | |}
| |
| | | | |
| − | ====In-Depth Component Summary:====
| + | '''Preliminary Design Review''' |
| − | '''Engine Block:'''<br> | + | |
| − | *The outside is very rough and does not need to be precise in every place, the places that are, have been machined. Casting is used because it is efficient and quick, machining the entire engine down from a large block of metal is time consuming and inefficient. The inside is machined because it needs to be very precise for the piston and the head to fit onto. Steel is used because the block undergoes high temperature and pressure from within, while also withstanding many forces from components attached to it (including the frame) as well as moving parts inside it. The piston and drive shaft are in direct contact with the block and exert friction on the block. The components attached exert their own gravitational forces on the block. Also the momentum bike and the parts inside require the block to be strong enough to hold itself to the frame. Finally the force exerted on the block from the driveshaft, clutch, chains, tire and ultimately the ground require the block be incredibly strong.
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | '''Clutch:'''<br>
| + | [http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/Group_21_-_Beginner_Cruiser_Motorcycle_-_Preliminary_Design_Review Preliminary Design Review] |
| − | *The clutch is another piece that undergoes great force, and in many places does not need to be precise. The general shape of the clutch is cast, and the inside is machined as well as the multiple holes through it. The sprocket is welded to the outer drum of the clutch. The sprocket needs to be machined separately so it cannot be part of the cast drum. The clutch is cast in steel because several large forces act on it. These forces are exists as torque and friction. The force from the engine and the force from the chain which indirectly connects to the ground are exerted on the clutch. Because of the weight of the bike and the rider the force the clutch receives from the ground, back tire, and chain is very large and must be overcome to make the bike move effectively. The inside of the clutch must expand and exert enough force on the outer drum to overcome these external forces to create a strong enough friction force to make the drum spin at the same rate as the driveshaft. The clutch would fail very quickly due to any deformation. | + | *Identifying and trouble shooting any problems or any obstacles we may see in the future. |
| | + | *Step by step description of the Disassembly Procedure. |
| | | | |
| − | '''Clutch Bracket Plate:'''<br>
| |
| − | *This piece holds the second sprocket which redirects the chain from the clutch to the back wheel and its sprocket. This piece undergoes very little extreme temperature exposure, but must be strong enough to hold the sprocket and the forces exerted on it. The component is stamped into several different pieces which were bent and welded. This part is thin and would be weak if it were simply cast. Deductive machining would be inefficient in time and material. This piece would be able to function fairly well under slight deformation, but its general success is crucial to the function of the bike.
| |
| | | | |
| − | '''Sprocket:'''<br> | + | '''Coordination Review''' |
| − | *The sprocket undergoes the same torque felt by the clutch from the ground and the successful movement of the bike. It is essential the sprocket is machined so that it is very precise and fits in the always fast moving chain exactly and does not slip and fail. It is machined in steel because the torque exerted on it is very strong and the parts success is crucial to the bike success.
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | '''Chain:'''<br>
| + | [http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/Group_21_-_Beginner_Cruiser_Motorcycle_-_Coordination_Review Coordination Review] |
| − | *The chain undergoes a very large tension created when the clutch begins to spin. Each link is the same shape and size and can have a small tolerance for imperfection so stamping is quick and the preferred choice for the small “8” shaped pieces. The small cylinders were machined because they need to be precise in diameter to fit in between the spokes of the sprocket efficiently.
| + | *List of Engine components, their materials, and why those materials were chosen. |
| − | | + | *List of problems identified with the product and revisions we would make to improve them. |
| − | '''Pull Start:'''<br>
| + | *Solid Modeling of several important parts of bike. |
| − | *The pull start undergoes a very small amount of force compared to the clutch or sprocket. There is friction force between the string and the pull start as well as torque. It does not need to be very strong but for ergonomic reasons needs to be light. Plastic is cheap and easy to mold, but is not incredibly precise. Luckily little precision is needed for this part. The failure of this part impedes the starting of the bike.
| + | *Summary of an Engineering Analysis problem that might be done to this product. |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Flywheel Cover:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *The flywheel cover is a simple part that only needs to protect the flywheel and hold the pull start. Because great strength is unnecessary and aluminum is cheap and light, this component’s shape is stamped in aluminum.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Flywheel:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *The flywheel’s purpose is to be heavy and have rotational inertia or momentum giving the engine a more stead rhythm as well as conserving rotational motion. Therefore this piece needs to be heavy. Steel is heavy and easily cast, so the flywheel can be made quickly and efficiently. It does not need to be very precise so little to no machining is needed.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Flywheel Blades:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *The flywheel blades need to be very light and can be fairly week as the only force exerted on it is centripetal force and air drag. This part is attached to the flywheel and circulates air that exits the back of the flywheel cover and is blown on the engine. Plastic is molded quickly and easily, the part does not need to be extremely precise or machined.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Air Filter Cover:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *This part doesn’t need to be precise nor very strong. Its only purpose is holding the light air filter in place and keeping it clean. Air drag and gravity are the only forces on this piece. Plastic is the best choice because it is cheap and easy to mold. Its lack of strength is not a factor with this part.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Air Filter Base:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *This part doesn’t need to be precise nor very strong. Its only purpose is holding the light air filter in place and keeping it clean. Air drag and gravity are the only forces on this piece. Plastic is the best choice because it is cheap and easy to mold. Its lack of strength is not a factor with this part.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Gas Tank:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *The gas tank needs to be strong enough that it does not crack or puncture easily. It does not undergo large amounts of force besides the small fluid pressure from gravity on its inside. Aluminum is cheap and light compared to steel, but heavier and pricier than plastic. Aluminum is chosen because plastic could be puncture or cracked too easily. Steel is not chosen because unless the strength is needed, it is avoided to keep the overall bike’s weight to a minimum. Both halves of the tank were stamped and then the edges were folded around each other and clamp-pressed.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Heat Plate:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *The heat plate is constructed of aluminum because aluminum is very bad at conducting heat, it is also cheap and light which improves the overall performance and cost of the bike. The pieces shape is stamped. This piece experiences very little force, but must be constructed of metal due to extreme temperatures. | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Exhaust Cover:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *The exhaust cover is constructed of aluminum because aluminum is very bad at conducting heat, it is also cheap and light which improves the overall performance and cost of the bike. The pieces shape is stamped and the holes are pressed out. This piece experiences very little force, but must be constructed of metal due to extreme temperatures.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Muffler and Exhaust Pipe:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *The exhaust pipe and muffler are constructed of aluminum because aluminum is very bad at conducting heat, it is also cheap and light which improves the overall performance and cost of the bike. The pieces shape is stamped and the holes are pressed out. The pipes are welded to each side. This piece experiences very little force, but must be constructed of metal due to extreme temperatures.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Throttle:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *The throttle is an unsymmetrically shaped hinge that from a cable controlled by hand, turns and opens a valve that controls how much air flows into the engine, and indirectly how much gas is entering the engine. This piece is a very critical part of the bike. It will run, but will not go without the throttle. This piece does not need to be strong, needs to be light, but also needs to be wear and tear resistant, because almost no deformation is allowed before it fails. It is a complicated part that has many springs, a connecting rod, idle speed screw, and governor attached to it. Because of its importance aluminum is used instead of a hard plastic. The aluminum is cast because the part has a reasonable tolerance with its general shape, while all the holes are pressed for precision.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Carburetor Cover:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *This part doesn’t need to be precise nor very strong. Its only purpose is protecting the carburetor and keeping it clean. Air drag and gravity are the only forces on this piece. Plastic is the best choice because it is cheap and easy to mold. Its lack of strength is not a factor with this part.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Carburetor:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *The carburetor is a small chamber that mixes air and fuel. There are no large forces on the carburetor so steel is unnecessary. While a plastic carburetor could work it would be hard to manufacture, the holes in this piece need to be extremely precise so that when small shafts or tubes go through or fit into them, they do not leak. A carburetor functions from pressure gradient, and without a seal this pressure would greatly decrease. Plastic cannot be machined so no holes could be drilled and all would have to be cast. Instead the carburetor is cast in aluminum and then all holes and gasket surfaces are machined.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Spark Plug:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *The spark plug is a small piece that creates a spark from electricity. The ceramic/resin material at the top is used so no electricity is conducted on the outside of the engine block. The inside of the plug is a highly insulated, highly conducting piece of nickel that runs the length of the plug to the inside of the firing chamber. The bottom piece is threaded and machined of steal which with stands the torque applies when it is threaded into the engine block.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Head Cover:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *The head cover protects the valve train, as well as containing heat and sealing the top of the head. This part is constructed in aluminum to withstand the temperature, add little weight to the bike, and be cheaper. The piece is thin and stamped with the four holes pressed out.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Rocking Arm:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *This is a crucial part that experiences two fairly large forces, one from the springs on its valve end, and another from the push rod which controls its timing. The piece is cast as it does not need to be incredibly precise. It is constantly moving and cannot deform because it will cause the bike to fail. It is cast in carbon steel which is very strong and lighter than other steels.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Push Rod:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *This part experiences a compression force when it is pushed to send its end of the rocking arm up and the valve on the other end down. It must be strong and light. If a push rod were to bend, it would throw off all the timing of the valves and when air, fuel, exhaust were entering or exiting the valves.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Valve Spring:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *The spring makes sure that the valve is shot back up and sealed tight when it needs to be as well as keeping constant force against the push rod on the other side of the rocking arm. This spring must be very strong and is made from oil-tempered steel for flexibility. | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Valve:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *This must be light and heat resistant, so aluminum is used. The valve is machined because it must fit a very small tolerance so that it creates a very tight seal when it is against the hole in the head. The compression force is felt along the length of the valve from the explosion and compression below it and the force of the rocking arm above it.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Head:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *The head is constructed just like the engine block. The outside only needs to be rough in most parts while every face or place that is in contact with another part is machined for precision and tight fit. This part needs to be very strong as it has to with stand the explosion pressure created in the firing chamber.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Piston:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *The piston must fit a very very small tolerance as it must hold a very tight seal inside the cylinder. It is machined in aluminum to fit this tolerance, be light and easily moved by the explosion, as well as heat resistant. Pressure on the top of the piston is exerted by the explosion or compression of fuel and air. Force also acts on the piston from the connecting rod. This part must be constructed of higher grade aluminum because any deformation could cause the bike to fail.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Connecting Rod:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *This piece is cast in steal as it experiences a lot of force from the piston above, which must be transferred to the cam and the drive shaft below. The piece is cast first, its general shape needs little precision, and second machined for the more precise fittings at the top and bottom of the connecting rod. Steel is used for its greater strength in this application. Slight deformation might be acceptable in this part, but ultimately this part cannot be altered.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Cam:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *The cam is a large heavy piece of material that acts as an off axis weight to counter balance the force of the piston and the connecting rod. This piece ultimately needs to be heavy. It is cast because it does not have a small tolerance.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Driveshaft:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *The driveshaft experiences very large forces from the engine and the clutch. The clutch and driveshaft are kind of the delegates between the power of the engine and the friction of the ground and the bikes movement. This piece must be precise and strong so it is machined in steel. The torque on it is very great so it is fairly thick.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ===Design Revisions===
| + | |
| − | *The first component change we would make to the cruiser motorcycle would be the tires. The size of the front tire strongly affects the ability for the motorcycle to turn. Our group learned this first hand on the test drive. The turning radius of the bike is uncomfortably small and makes it difficult to maneuver. Also the bike was unstable when turning. The wide almost square profile of the tire was turned and the bike rode on the edge of the tire, along the corner if viewed from the profile. It was very unstable when leaning, which is very necessary on motorcycles and very enjoyable. The tire needs to be reduced in width and made much rounder so that equal surface area is on the ground if the bike is leaning at all.<br>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | *The steering restriction knobs on the front fork are built with good intention and along with the current fat, more square shaped front tire work well. Right now they keep the bike from turning to sharply and tipping, but at slow speeds when a larger turning radius is needed, they make it very hard to maneuver the bike. Along with a new front tire, having these knobs moved back a bit would make the bike much more user friendly.<br> | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | *Another feature that we found a problem with was the exhaust. The exhaust exits under seat off to the side. It should exit out the back for realism and convenience. With the current location of the exhaust leaving so close to rider it causes unwanted smell, heat, and air pollution.<br>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | *The final change I would make is a simple one and strictly for convenience. The headlight should have an on/off switch for obvious reasons. In most cases the rider would not need the headlight on and it would conserve bulb life. The bulb could not be changed without taking the entire light assembly off the front fork. The headlight is also very large and bulky the design could be slimed down to a more reasonable size.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ===Solid Modeling===
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | We chose to use AutoCAD 3D because of group member experience as well as home access to the program. These components were chosen because of their importance in the bike's function as well as their size and ability to be measured easily. Theses components were interesting looking and intricate.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Assembly Front'''<br>[[Image:Assembly Front.jpeg]]
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Assembly Side'''<br>[[Image:Assembly Side.jpeg]]
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Assembly Isometric'''<br>[[Image:Assembly Isometric.jpeg]]
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Isometric'''<br>[[Image:Isometric.jpeg]]
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
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| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Isometric Bottom'''<br>[[Image:Isometric bottom.jpeg]]
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ===Engineering Analysis===
| + | |
| − | *A key component of the bike is the tires. Engineering analysis can be used to test the effect of friction on the tires. This is crucial during the design process because it will help to determine whether or not the chosen tires are suitable for the bike or not. | + | |
| − | *In order to test the effect of friction on the tires, it must be assumed that there is no friction between the bearings and the axel. The mass on the tire from the rest of the bike must be taken into account also, so some statics will be involved. This may require equations such as ∑F=0 and ∑M=0.
| + | |
| − | *After determining the total mass on the tire, the normal force on the tire must be found. This can be easily done using the equation F=ma. For this equation it is assumed that a= 9.8 m²/s (acceleration of gravity). Simply plugging in the determined mass will give the amount of force on the tire.
| + | |
| − | *After finding the total force on the tire from the bike, the friction on the tire can be found. The force of static friction should be determined as opposed to the kinetic friction, because this way the max possible force of friction will be found. This will require the equation Fs=µsFN, where FN is the normal force on the tire and µs is the coefficient of static friction. Every surface has a different coefficient of static friction, so it will change depending on the surface the friction is being tested on. The tires should be tested on a reasonable surface with a high coefficient of static friction in order to get the highest possible force of friction on the tires. After the coefficient of static friction is determined, it can be plugged in to the equation along with the normal force to find the force of friction on the tire.
| + | |
| − | *If the tires cannot withstand the test then better tires should be used on the bike. However, if the tires do survive the test and seem to be in really good condition, then a lower quality tire may also be considered in order to cut production costs. Either way, engineering analysis can help to find whether or not the tires are suitable for the bike.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ==Critical Design Review==
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ===Product Reassembly===
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ----
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ====Front Reassembly====
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Front Fork:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *The first step of the reassembly you must slide the fork back into the frame of the bike. Then screw back on all the nuts and then tighten them to a secure level.
| + | |
| − | **Difficulty: 2
| + | |
| − | {|
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:11.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:12.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | |}
| + | |
| − | '''Handle Bar:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *First attach handle bar bracket by securing the two bolts on the underside of the fork. Then slide the handle bar back in place and screw down the top of the handle bar holder with the 4 screws.
| + | |
| − | **Difficulty: 1
| + | |
| − | {|
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:10.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | |}
| + | |
| − | '''Kill Switch:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *Attach black wire to plug and screw grounding washer back into place.
| + | |
| − | *Reattach clamping metal piece on backside of kill switch with 2 Phillips head screws.
| + | |
| − | **Difficulty: 2
| + | |
| − | {|
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:8.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:9.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | |}
| + | |
| − | '''Throttle Grip:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *Slide grip back on to handle bar and place opposing black throttle pieces in place to be tightened. Then insert small black plastic piece at the end of the cable in place. Fasten screws in slots holding Throttle and grip together.
| + | |
| − | **Difficulty: 1
| + | |
| − | {|
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:6.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:7.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | |}
| + | |
| − | '''Headlights:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *Place headlight in bracket located on top middle of front fork and slide bolts through both holes. Then tighten both nuts with wrench until light cannot be moved.
| + | |
| − | **Difficulty: 1
| + | |
| − | {|
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:5.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:4.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | |}
| + | |
| − | '''Front Fender:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *Carefully place fender in place lining up fender brackets with the holder (above fender) in the middle of the front fork. Slide bolts through and tighten bolts.
| + | |
| − | **Difficulty: 2
| + | |
| − | {|
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:3.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:2.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | |}
| + | |
| − | '''Gas Tank (Fake):'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *Place tank on frame so the underneath bracket lines up with holes on frame. Then tighten nuts from underneath so tank holds in place.
| + | |
| − | **Difficulty: 1
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | '''Front Tire:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *Hold frame over tire and slide axle through fork, wheel and other side of fork. Tighten Nut on exiting side till wheel is secure.
| + | |
| − | **Difficulty: 2
| + | |
| − | {|
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:1.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | |}
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ====Engine Reassembly====
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | '''Crank Cover:'''<br>
| |
| − | *Slide the slide cover down the driveshaft, and rotate until the screw holes line up. Insert bolts (6) using 10 mm socket.
| |
| − | **Difficulty: 2
| |
| | | | |
| − | '''Head, Head Cover:'''<br> | + | '''Critical Design Review''' |
| − | *Put push rods into their holes. Slide the head over the push rods and onto the top of the cylinder making sure all the holes line up. Insert and tighten bolts (4) holding down entire head assembly using 12mm socket. Make sure the push rods are sitting in the cups of rocker arms. Place head cover over the rocking arms. Insert and tighten bolts (4) holding down head cover using 10mm socket.
| + | |
| − | **Difficulty: 2
| + | |
| − | {|
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:34d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:32d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:28d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | |}
| + | |
| − | '''Magneto and Spark Plug:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *Screw the spark plug into its hole until it is tight using a 13/16 socket. Fold a piece of paper 3 or 4 times. This is to create a spacer to make sure when you put on the magneto, it is not too close or far away from the flywheel or the magnet on it. Hold the magneto in front of its holes on the engine block. Wrap the paper around the flywheel and let the magneto stick to it via magnetism. Insert and tighten bolts (2) using 12mm socket. The magneto might need to be adjusted so that the holes line up. Remove the paper, the magneto should have about 1/32 clearance from the flywheel. Rotate the flywheel to make sure it does not come close at any point. Slide the rubber plug onto the spark plug.
| + | |
| − | **Difficulty: 3
| + | |
| − | {|
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:39d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:40d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | |}
| + | |
| − | '''Carburetor, Throttle:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *Screw the throttle assembly to the engine block using a wrench. Slide the governor arm onto the plastic axle and slide the pin through it. Connect the black spring to the throttle assembly and connect the brass spring to the first hole on the governor arm using needle nose pliers. Slide the carburetor onto the two parallel bolts on the engine block, as you are sliding it on slip the connecting rod from the governor arm into the black plastic throttle control on top of the carburetor. Slide the gasket on after the carburetor, then finally the black plastic carburetor cover. Tighten nuts (2) holding carburetor cover and carburetor onto engine, using pliers.
| + | |
| − | **Difficulty: 4
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | '''Air Filter and Cover:'''<br>
| + | [http://gicl.cs.drexel.edu/wiki/Group_21_-_Beginner_Cruiser_Motorcycle_-_Critical_Design_Review Critical Design Review] |
| − | *Screw the two screws through the base of the air filter case with a Philips head screw driver into the top of the carburetor cover. Slide the air filter onto the base, tighten down with the first wing nut. Slide the air filter cover over the top of air filter and tighten down with second wing nut.
| + | *Step by step description of the Reassembly Procedure. |
| − | **Difficulty: 2
| + | *Summary of the Reassembly Process and its success. |
| − | {|
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:12d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:9d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:7d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:6d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | |}
| + | |
| − | '''Exhaust:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *Attach the exhaust and muffler by sliding it onto the two bolts on engine block next to the exhaust hole. Tighten nuts (2) onto bolts (2) using 12mm socket. Place the heat shield over the muffler, insert and tighten screws (4) with a Philips head screw driver. | + | |
| − | **Difficulty: 1
| + | |
| − | {|
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:27d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:28d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:24d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | |}
| + | |
| − | '''Gas Tank:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *Lower gas tank into place, and slice the rubber hose under the throttle and down to the carburetor. Slide it onto the brass fuel tube. Slide the wire clamp into place. Insert bolt next to throttle and tighten with needle nose pliers. Tighten two nuts to bolts on tank with pliers
| + | |
| − | **Difficulty: 1
| + | |
| − | {|
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:18d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:16d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | |}
| + | |
| − | '''Flywheel Cover:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *Place flywheel cover over fly wheel making sure all holes line up. Insert and tighten bolts (4) using a 10mm socket.
| + | |
| − | **Difficulty: 1
| + | |
| − | {|
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:55d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:6d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | |}
| + | |
| − | '''Pull-Start Assembly:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *Coil spring around inner wheel, such that the spring starts in the pre-cut groove and wraps around accordingly. Un-knot pull rope, and slide on the pull-grip, and tie off, so that it doesn’t fall off. Pull rope through hole in pull-start main housing, and then into the slot in the center wheel. Tie off rope end and fit snug inside the space allowed for the rope. Wind rope around inner wheel, then place inner wheel, with spring facing the main housing, into the main housing. Fit in the brass pins, and put in small springs which cause the brass pins to be pushed in towards the center of the wheel. Now attach the top cover to the inner wheel, using a washer and screw. Pull rope out as if you were to start up the motor, but slowly. The spring tension is now tight enough to retract, but the rope needs to be re-wound…with everything in place, wind rope using the access slack. Now pull the rope once again, the rope should retract once again…if not, repeat step 9. If a small amount of rope is left after the spring retracts, simply retie a knot to make the grip be right up against the housing, and then cut off access.
| + | |
| − | *It is not recommended to take a apart a pull start for the spring can cause injury while being wound, or if it gets released without the assembly being together. Rebuild using extreme caution. | + | |
| − | *Screw the pull start onto the fly wheel cover with bolts (3) using 8mm socket.
| + | |
| − | **Difficult: 5
| + | |
| − | {|
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:54d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:55d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | |}
| + | |
| − | '''Heat Plate:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *Hold heat plate to engine block underneath cylinder so that the three holes line up. Insert and tighten bolts (3) using a 10mm socket.
| + | |
| − | **Difficulty: 1
| + | |
| − | {|
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:21d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:23d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | |}
| + | |
| − | '''Clutch Bracket Plate:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *Align holes on plate with holes in engine block. Insert and tighten bolts (4) using a 12mm socket.
| + | |
| − | **Difficulty: 1
| + | |
| − | {|
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:1d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:19d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | |}
| + | |
| − | '''Clutch:'''<br>
| + | |
| − | *Slide clutch onto driveshaft making sure key and groove line up. Insert and tighten bolt and washer into end of driveshaft using 12 mm socket.
| + | |
| − | **Difficulty: 3
| + | |
| − | {|
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:1d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | | [[Image:2d.JPG|thumb|]]
| + | |
| − | |}
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | ===Final Assembly Evaluation:===
| |
| − | *The bike ran well when we were given it and to our excitements runs again after we have disassembled it. We are also proud to say that it is faster than it was when we first tested it. After changing the max position of the throttle, and increasing the idle to just below the clutch’s engaging rpm’s we saw a noticeable increase in the bikes performance. The only negative changes to the bike after the dissection are a broken headlight bulb, and masking tape holding cables to the frame instead of the original zip tie which had to be cut. The head light bulb was probably broken when all of our disassembled pieces were moved across the shop without our knowing. While it is still intact it does not illuminate.
| |
| | | | |
| − | *All of the same tools were used in disassembling and assembling the bike. Besides substituting masking tape for the zip tie the bike is back to its original assembly.
| + | ==References== |
| − | *The reassembly of the pull start proved to be incredibly difficult, and required much more attention in putting it back together than taking it apart. The throttle and governor proved a little difficult as the idle speed was too high at first and the bike idled at rpm’s well above the clutch’s engaging speed. After finding the sweet spot right below the point of clutch engagement the problem was solved.
| + | No outside information was used in making this project. All included information is based on previous knowledge, lessons from class, or gained experience from the dissection. |
We are a group of five students in MAE 277, Intro to Mechanical Engineering. This semester we have been given a reverse engineering project based on an assigned product. Through detailed dissection, analysis, and reassembly we have put together this report in summary of our work with the Beginner Cruiser Motorcycle. This bike is as small, gas powered, cruiser inspired, recreational motorcycle.
We completed the reverse engineering analysis of the Beginner Cruiser Motorcycle successfully with a full disassembly and reassembly. While the project was difficult and required much hard work, we are exited about what we have learned as well as the information we are presenting here about our product.
No outside information was used in making this project. All included information is based on previous knowledge, lessons from class, or gained experience from the dissection.
