Group1 - Revision history

GPS-1: Tyler Weber

2008-03-03T20:49:18Z

Tyler Weber

GPS-1: Tyler Weber

2008-03-03T20:47:47Z

Tyler Weber

GPS-1: Tyler Weber

2008-03-03T19:44:37Z

Tyler Weber

GPS-1: Tyler Weber

2008-03-03T19:42:20Z

Tyler Weber

GPS-1: Tyler Weber

2008-03-03T19:41:56Z

Tyler Weber

GPS-1: Tyler Weber

2008-03-03T19:41:20Z

Tyler Weber

GPS-1: Tyler Weber

2008-03-03T19:40:52Z

Tyler Weber

GPS-1: /* Geocaching */

2008-03-03T19:38:16Z

Geocaching

GPS-1: /* Geocaching */

2008-03-03T19:36:45Z

Geocaching

GPS-1: /* Geocaching */

2008-03-03T19:35:10Z

Geocaching

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 With the introduction of GPS and the numerous advances made in increasing accuracy, aviation has benefited greatly. The GPS system alone provides useful information allowing pilots to fly in more efficient routes in a safe manner. There are two augmentations have provided airports with smoother operation and safety, these are the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) and the Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS).
-WAAS is a satellite based augmentation to GPA that covers the entire United States airspace and corrects for errors that occur in standard GPS signals. These signals have an accuracy of 7 meters as opposed to the GPS accuracy of 100 meters and are useful in aiding pilots in landing and enroute. Pilots will be able to plot courses that are more direct because the paths do not require ground surface infrastructure.
+WAAS is a satellite based augmentation to GPA that covers the entire United States airspace and corrects for errors that occur in standard GPS signals. These signals have an accuracy of 7 meters as opposed to the GPS accuracy of 100 meters and are useful in aiding pilots in landing and en route. Pilots will be able to plot courses that are more direct because the paths do not require ground surface infrastructure.
 LAAS is a system that assists GPS in a specific location, such as an airport runway, and provides much better accuracy on the local level by using ground equipment. If installed at airports, regulators will be able to reduce the distance requirements imposed on aircraft, allowing for greater number of flights. Using the LAAS, a pilot will have the ability to land a plane in conditions of zero visibility, although this has not yet been approved by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for such use.

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 ==GPS Operations==
-This link demonstrates how GPS satellites locate a reciever on the earth.
+This link demonstrates how GPS satellites locate a receiver on the earth.
 http://link.brightcove.com/services/link/bcpid1213900614/bctid1342161649
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 The synchronization of clocks and timing devices between the satellites and receivers is critical to obtaining an accurate reading. If the clocks are even a little off your receiver could be off by a significant distance. The problem that arises here is that no clocks keep time perfectly. After a period of time different clocks will show different times from each other. Atomic clocks are the most precise time measurements that we have but at $50,000-$100,000 each the cost of putting one of those in a receiver instantly puts GPS receivers outside the budget of most individuals. The solution was to install cheaper quartz clocks in the receivers and program them to reset themselves based on information received from three of four satellites. With this method GPS receivers are able to retain the time accuracy required for an accurate reading without being overly expensive.
-The positioning of the satellites can also cause problems due to their geometry.  Even though the satellite positions are monitored, they can not be watched every second.  Slight positioning errors, or "ephemeris", between monitoring times can cause errors.  These errors can be compounded by the principle of "Geometric Dilution of Precision."  Since there are more available satellites than necessary to a receiver normally, the receiver picks few and ignores the rest.  However, if the receiver picks satellites that are posistioned too close together, then the signals will cross at very shallow angles, which increases the margin of error in the position of the receiver.  To eliviate this problem, receivers are being equipped with software that helps them better pick satellites that will have signals cross close to 90 degree angles, which minimizes the margin of error due to geometry of the satellites.
+The positioning of the satellites can also cause problems due to their geometry.  Even though the satellite positions are monitored, they can not be watched every second.  Slight positioning errors, or "ephemeris", between monitoring times can cause errors.  These errors can be compounded by the principle of "Geometric Dilution of Precision."  Since there are more available satellites than necessary to a receiver normally, the receiver picks few and ignores the rest.  However, if the receiver picks satellites that are positioned too close together, then the signals will cross at very shallow angles, which increases the margin of error in the position of the receiver.  To alleviates this problem, receivers are being equipped with software that helps them better pick satellites that will have signals cross close to 90 degree angles, which minimizes the margin of error due to geometry of the satellites.
 The last problem addressed here is the problem of judging the distance. The distance from the receiver to the satellite is based on the signal traveling at the speed of light in a straight line. However that is often not the case. When that signal enters earth’s atmosphere it doesn’t maintain the speed of light but actually slows down a bit. To add to the confusion, if you are in a city with tall buildings around the signal can bounce off of the buildings before getting to your receiver adding a significant margin of error. To accommodate for this, a secondary checking system was set up and called the Differential GPS. Differential GPS works by setting up a stationary receiver antenna on the earth and using that as a check against the satellite. A GPS receiver knows its own position on the earth.  It uses measurements from the satellites to calculate inaccuracies in the satellite reading and then provide the correction data to other receivers in the area.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:44, 3 March 2008
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	Sources: http://www.gps.gov/		Sources: http://www.gps.gov/
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 http://www.geocaching.com/about/<br>
 http://www.geocachingpolicy.org/<br>
 ==Terrestrial Vehicle use of GPS==

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:41, 3 March 2008
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	Works Cited:		Works Cited:
	http://www.gps.gov/index.html		http://www.gps.gov/index.html
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← Older revision		Revision as of 19:41, 3 March 2008
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−	==Geocaching==	+	===Geocaching===
	<b>Overview</b><br>		<b>Overview</b><br>

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:40, 3 March 2008
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−	~~===Benefits===~~

−	* Highly accurate all-weather positioning information using GPS receivers helps outdoor adventurers with safer exploration anywhere in the world.
−	* Ability to return to favorite fishing spots, trails, campsites or other locations with precision year after year, despite changing terrain conditions.
−	* New and interesting activities (based solely on the capabilities of GPS) are developed every day by outdoor enthusiasts and shared with others.
−	* Relatively small, portable, and affordable handsets can be used for multiple types of recreation activities.
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−	~~Works Cited:~~
−	~~http://www.gps.gov/index.html~~

	==Geocaching==		==Geocaching==

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 ==Geocaching==
 <b>Overview</b><br>
 Geocaching is a sport where a cache is left in a location anywhere in the world, and its coordinates are uploaded to any of a number of geocaching websites.   A GPS unit is used to locate the cache by entering the coordinates as the destination waypoint.  A cache is usually a small waterproof box with a prize, generally not valuable and a logbook to see how many others have found that cache.  The participants are asked to put something new in the box, write some information in the logbook, at least their name and the date they found the cache.  Logbooks also often contain information about the area, nearby attractions or even jokes.  Geocaching etiquette states that if you get some useful information from the logbook; try to leave some useful information.
 <b>General Rules</b> <br>
 .	Take something from the cache <br>
 .	Leave something in the cache <br>
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 Caches can be hidden anywhere on the planet, with varying difficulty.  For example, some caches can only be reached by rock climbing up a sheer face or diving underwater with scuba gear.  Others involve hiking miles from the nearest road.  There are over 540,000 geocaches on all seven continents.
 Geocaching websites often have a policy to protect hunters and their cashes.  Common policies include warnings about geocaching on National park lands and privately owned land.  The policies also refer to treading lightly on environmentally sensitive and archaeologically significant locations.  Geocachers are also warned to avoid looking suspicious as many hunters have been questioned by police especially when in a location where security is essential. <br>

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 Geocaching is a sport where a cache is left in a location anywhere in the world, and its coordinates are uploaded to any of a number of geocaching websites.   A GPS unit is used to locate the cache by entering the coordinates as the destination waypoint.  A cache is usually a small waterproof box with a prize, generally not valuable and a logbook to see how many others have found that cache.  The participants are asked to put something new in the box, write some information in the logbook, at least their name and the date they found the cache.  Logbooks also often contain information about the area, nearby attractions or even jokes.  Geocaching etiquette states that if you get some useful information from the logbook; try to leave some useful information.
-General Rules <br>
+<b>General Rules</b> <br>
 .	Take something from the cache <br>
 .	Leave something in the cache <br>
 .	Write about it in the logbook <br>
-Variations on the Game
+<b>Variations on the Game</b>
 *Offset caches – The coordinates lead to a monument or another benchmark, where the hunter must look for new clues, or follow directions found on a cashing website.
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 Geocaching websites often have a policy to protect hunters and their cashes.  Common policies include warnings about geocaching on National park lands and privately owned land.  The policies also refer to treading lightly on environmentally sensitive and archaeologically significant locations.  Geocachers are also warned to avoid looking suspicious as many hunters have been questioned by police especially when in a location where security is essential. <br>
 Sources: <br>
 http://www.terracaching.com/<br>